Impact of Behavioural Modification Working Toolkit Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

Impact of Behavioural Modification Working Toolkit Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Behavioral Modification Working (BMW) Toolkit in improving glycemic control and blood pressure among pregnant women diagnosed with both GDM and PIH.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence suggests that lifestyle and self-care interventions focusing on diet, physical activity, and sleep may improve maternal outcomes; however, rigorously designed randomized controlled trials evaluating structured behavioral toolkits in Pakistan are scarce.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women aged 15-49 years.
• Gestational age between 16 and 20 weeks at enrolment.
• Diagnosed with both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).
• At least one prior antenatal visit at the study site.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pre-existing diabetes mellitus or chronic hypertension prior to pregnancy.
• Pre-existing renal disease, thyroid disease, or major hematological disorders.
• Multiple pregnancy (e.g., twins, triplets).
• Severe psychiatric illness.