Participants in this group will receive intravenous dexamethasone 10 mg during induction of general anesthesia. All other perioperative management, including anesthetic technique and postoperative care, will be conducted according to standard institutional protocols and will be identical to the control group.

Participants in this group will receive intravenous normal saline (2 mL) during induction of general anesthesia as a placebo. All other perioperative management, including anesthetic technique and postoperative care, will be identical to the experimental group.

Dexamethasone 10 mg will be administered intravenously during induction of general anesthesia. This single-dose corticosteroid is used for its anti-inflammatory and antiemetic effects. All other perioperative management will be conducted according to standard institutional protocols and will be identical to the control group

Sleep quality will be assessed using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), a validated patient-reported outcome measure. The RCSQ consists of five items evaluating depth of sleep, sleep latency, number of awakenings, efficiency of sleep, and overall sleep quality. Each item is scored on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better sleep quality.

Overall postoperative recovery will be assessed using the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire, a validated patient-reported outcome measure. Higher scores indicate better recovery. The total score ranges from 0 to 150, with higher scores indicating better recovery.