Real-Time Imaging to Improve Lung Cancer Diagnosis : Comparing Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) With Standard Biopsy for Quicker and Safer Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) Score for the Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Rapid Surgical Decision-Making

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate whether confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) can improve the real-time diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients undergoing bronchoscopic biopsy for suspected lung tumors. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Can a high-specificity CLE-based score accurately identify NSCLC during endoscopic procedures?
• Can CLE imaging criteria improve biopsy yield and help differentiate histological subtypes (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumors)?

Participants will:

• Undergo standard bronchoscopic navigation procedures with additional real-time imaging using CLE and biopsy
• Have CLE findings compared with standard histopathological analysis of biopsy samples

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient for whom endobronchial navigation-guided biopsy is indicated
• Complete medical data (CLE images and histopathological results)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Persons referred to in Articles L. 1121-5, L. 1121-7, and L. 1121-8 of the French Public Health Code:
• Individuals under 18 years of age
• Adult persons subject to legal protection measures (guardianship, curatorship, or judicial protection)
• Adult persons unable to express their consent
• Persons deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision, and persons receiving psychiatric care under Articles L. 3212-1 and L. 3213-1