The study examined the effects of the intervention ( continuous care model) on the psychological distress and quality of life of postmenopausal women who experienced urinary incontinence.

The control group was provided with standard care at the outpatient clinics but did not receive the Continuous Care Model sessions. They were assessed at the same time as the intervention group.

Continuous care model promotes ongoing, valuable, and consistent dialogue between nurses and women with urinary incontinence in order to identify their needs and preferences and supports them in embracing healthier habits by providing tailored information and structured guidance. This approach aids women in gaining accurate knowledge about their conditions and empowers them to take charge of their health by proactively addressing their own health issues. The model encourages women to participate in developing their care plan, taking ownership of monitoring their health continuously, and averting potential complications.

The main objective of providing nursing care for urinary incontinence is to maintain the woman's continence and support her in carrying out daily activities despite the limitations caused by the condition. Recognizing that women often keep urinary incontinence issues private and avoid seeking healthcare, screening programs are vital in identifying urinary incontinence

Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a frequently used self-report tool for assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression. The K10 scale consists of 10 items, with each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "none of the time" (1) to "all of the time" (5), yielding a total score between 10 and 50, indicating that higher scores signify greater psychological distress. The results are commonly interpreted using categorized thresholds: scores between 10 and 19 indicate a low likelihood of psychological distress, 20-24 suggest mild distress, 25-29 indicate moderate distress, and scores between 30 and 50 reflect severe psychological distress.

The IIQ-7 was adopted from Uebersax et al., (1995) and specifically designed to evaluate the influence of UI on women' quality of life.