This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 supplementation as adjunctive therapy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigates coenzyme Q10 supplementation as adjunctive therapy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive either coenzyme Q10 or matching placebo in addition to their stable baseline anti-seizure medications. Coenzyme Q10 will be administered orally at a dose of 200 mg per day for 12 weeks.

Participants will be followed prospectively with scheduled clinical assessments throughout the study period to evaluate treatment response and safety.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 20 to 80 years.
• Diagnosed with drug-resistant epilepsy.
• Receiving stable anti-seizure medications for at least 4 weeks prior to enrollment.
• Able to provide informed consent.
• Willing and able to maintain seizure diaries throughout the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of progressive neurological disease.
• Severe systemic illness (e.g., uncontrolled cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal disease).
• Use of coenzyme Q10 or other mitochondrial supplements within 4 weeks prior to enrollment.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to coenzyme Q10.
• Participation in another clinical trial within the past 3 months.

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to privacy concerns and institutional regulations.

Participants, care providers, investigators, and outcomes assessors are blinded to group assignment. Placebo capsules are identical in appearance to coenzyme Q10 to maintain blinding.