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The goal of this cluster-randomized trial is to learn if the SEHAT program works to improve oral health among school adolescents in Pakistan. It will also assess how the program affects oral health behaviors and knowledge. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare the SEHAT virtual intervention with conventional oral health education and a control group to see which approach is most effective.
Participants will:
This study is a cluster randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of the SEHAT (School-Based Education for Oral Health Awareness Using Advanced Telecommunication Technology) intervention among adolescents aged 11-14 years in public schools in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The trial aims to improve oral health behaviors, knowledge, and clinical outcomes, including plaque and gingival scores.
Schools (clusters) will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: virtual SEHAT intervention, conventional in-person oral health education, or control (no intervention). The virtual intervention will deliver structured 30-minute sessions via Zoom, incorporating interactive elements, culturally relevant content, and reinforcement strategies, while the conventional group will receive the same content through face-to-face classroom instruction.
Outcome assessments will include clinical oral health measures (plaque and gingival indices) and self-reported oral health knowledge and behaviors, collected at baseline, post-intervention, and at follow-up timepoints to evaluate short- and medium-term effects. The study will also explore sustained engagement, feasibility, and acceptability of digital oral health education in resource-constrained school settings.
This trial addresses gaps in evidence regarding digital oral health interventions in low-resource settings, particularly for adolescents, and will provide data to guide scalable, culturally adapted, school-based oral health promotion strategies.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual SEHAT Intervention | Experimental | A structured oral health promotion session delivered virtually using interactive sessions designed to improve oral health knowledge and behaviors. |
|
| Conventional Oral Health Education | Active Comparator | Face-to-face classroom-based oral health education session using standardized content. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants receive no intervention during study period. Intervention: Leave blank |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEHAT Virtual Oral Health Education | Behavioral | A structured oral health promotion program delivered virtually using interactive sessions designed to improve oral health knowledge and behaviors. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Silness-Löe Plaque Index | The index assigns a score from 0 to 3 based on the amount of plaque present on four surfaces of a tooth. 0 = No plaque in the gingival area. 3 = Abundance of plaque along the gingival margin. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (greater accumulation of dental plaque). | Baseline and follow-up assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
For the Schools/grades:
Public high schools situated in the urban and rural areas of the Rawalpindi city, Punjab, Pakistan to account for the regional variations.
Single-gender schools housing classes 6th to 10th.
A minimum total enrollment of 300 - 500 students
A minimum of 30 students per section in the targeted grades (6th, 7th, and 8th).
The schools that sign an agreement to
Currently enrolled students in 6th, 7th and 8th grades.
Diverse socioeconomic backgrounds
Students with parental and personal informed consent to participate in the trial
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sadia Musharraf, BDS, MCPS, PhD (Candidate) | Contact | 92 321 6127576 | sadia.scd@stmu.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sadia Musharraf, BDS, MCPS, PhD (Candidate) | Shifa College of Dentistry, Shifa Tameer e Millat University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public Schools, Rawalpindi, Pakistan | Rawalpindi | 34178 | Pakistan |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Apr 10, 2026 | Apr 11, 2026 | Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Apr 10, 2026 | Apr 11, 2026 | SAP_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Apr 10, 2026 | Apr 17, 2026 | ICF_003.pdf |
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This is a cluster randomized, parallel-assignment trial in which school grades (clusters) are randomly assigned to one of three groups: the virtual SEHAT intervention, conventional in-person oral health education, or a control group receiving no intervention. Each cluster receives only the assigned intervention, and outcomes will be compared between groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions on oral health behaviors, knowledge, attitude and clinical measures such as plaque and gingival indices.
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| Conventional Oral Health Education | Behavioral | Face-to-face classroom-based oral health education using standardized content. |
|