This study aimed to evaluate the effects of music on anxiety, heart rate, and pain perception in children during fissure sealant application, and to compare the effectiveness of clinician-selected and patient-selected music. A total of 90 children aged 6-9 years were included in this split-mouth study. Each child received fissure sealant treatment on three permanent first molars under three different conditions: no music, clinician-selected music, and patient-selected music. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS), heart rate was measured with a pulse oximeter, and pain perception was evaluated using the Wong-Baker Pain Scale. Measurements were recorded before and after each procedure. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Children aged 6-9 years
2. Children with at least 3 fully erupted permanent first molars
3. Children requiring pit and fissure sealant application
4. Children with no previous dental treatment experience
5. Children without learning disabilities
6. Children without any systemic diseases

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Children with any physical or mental disability
2. Children who have previously experienced any psychological disorder that could affect anxiety measurement
3. Children who have previously received fissure sealant or any other dental treatment
4. Children whose permanent first molars have not fully erupted, are carious, or have previously undergone other procedures
5. Children who were unable to cooperate during the procedure