Inclusion Criteria for specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression:
- Diagnosis of specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
- Age between 6 and 12 years
- Clinically normal intellectual functioning
- Voluntary agreement to participate in the study
- Absence of any systemic disease
- Right-hand dominance
Inclusion Criteria for control:
- Age between 6 and 12 years
- Clinically normal intellectual functioning
- Willingness to participate in the study on a voluntary basis
- Absence of any systemic disease
- Right-hand dominance
Exclusion Criteria for specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression:
- Presence of verbal or visual communication problems
- History of perinatal complications or physical head trauma
- Presence of psychiatric disorders other than specific learning disorder according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
- History of known chronic physical or neurological disease (such as cerebral palsy, diabetes, epilepsy, autoimmune disease, liver failure, or kidney failure)
- Presence of substance or alcohol use disorder
- Diagnosis of a genetic disorder
- Previous surgery involving the hand region
- Presence of infection and/or sensory deficit in the hand region
Exclusion Criteria for control:
- Presence of any psychiatric disorder according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
- Presence of verbal or visual communication problems
- History of perinatal complications or physical head trauma
- History of known chronic physical or neurological disease (such as cerebral palsy, diabetes, epilepsy, autoimmune disease, liver failure, or kidney failure)
- Presence of substance or alcohol use disorder
- Diagnosis of a genetic disorder
- Previous surgery involving the hand region
- Presence of infection and/or sensory deficit in the hand region