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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Simon K.Y.Lee Foundation | UNKNOWN |
| Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service | OTHER |
| Christian Family Service Centre | OTHER |
| Hong Kong Young Women's Christian Association |
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The goal of this mixed method study is to evaluate whether the volunteer-led Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) under the BrainLive Connect programme is effective for improving cognitive function and quality of life of people living with dementia (PLwD).
The main question it aims to answer are:
• Do PLwD receiving the BrainLive Connect service show better cognitive function and quality of life than those receiving usual care?
Researchers will compare BrainLive Connect service to usual care to see whether the intervention leads to better outcomes.
Participants will:
The research design is a non-randomized controlled trial (nRCT), involving 260 PLwD in the experimental group (BrainLive group) who will receive 7 weeks of BrainLive Connect service, and another 260 PLwD in the control group (Care-as-usual group) who will receive usual care for comparison. Participants of the experimental group will be recruited by our partnering NGOs, and those of the control group will be from both the partnering NGOs and network of HKU. Outcomes of PLwD and their carers will be measured at three time points: intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2), to assess the lasting effects of the volunteer-led CST. During the evaluation period, participants in the control group will receive standard care and support.
The BrainLive Connect service aimed at maintaining cognitive functions, and improving quality of life (Primary outcomes); and reducing distressed behaviour, improving social functioning, reduced carer burden, improving daily functioning, and preference for ageing-in-place (Secondary outcomes).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-professional delivered CST | Experimental | Participants will receive 14-session Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) delivered by trained volunteers, with two sessions per week over a period of 7 weeks |
|
| Usual social care | Active Comparator | Participants will receive usual social care and support provided by elderly care service units operated by non-governmental organisations, including but not limited to care services, psychosocial intervention, and social activites. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) | Behavioral | CST has been recognized as an effective and cost-effective intervention for individuals with mild to moderate dementia, leading to improvements in cognition and quality of life. CST is one of the few non-pharmacological interventions recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in their clinical guideline on dementia, as it has comparable efficacy to anti-dementia drugs. Exercise-enhanced CST is characterised by adding physical exercise into the original group CST protocol. Home2Community CST is characterized by a gradual shift of its intervention site from the participant's home to public space in their neighbourhood and then further to centre-based settings. Living CST is characterised by transferring CST into real life settings to maximise its benefits in daily functioning for independent living. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) | Possible range: 0 -70, with higher scores indicate more impairment | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) | Possible range: 13 - 52, with higher scores indicate better quality of life | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPIQ) | Possible range: 0 - 60, with higher scores indicate higher carer distress and severity | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| Social functioning in Dementia Scale (HKSF-DEM: carer rating) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
PLwD: Hong Kong residents, mild to moderate dementia, either having i) a formal diagnosis, or 2) suspected dementia reported by care professionals and screened by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
Family carers: self-identified as the primary carer of the PLwD.
Exclusion Criteria:
Unable to communicate and participate in interviews/training/intervention due to hearing impairment, visual impairment, or other conditions.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JACKY CP CHOY, PhD | Contact | +852 39170079 | cpchoy@hku.hk | |
| Shiyu LU, PhD | Contact | +852 39172074 | sylu@hku.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shiyu LU | The University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The University of Hong Kong | Recruiting | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26607411 | Background | Groot C, Hooghiemstra AM, Raijmakers PG, van Berckel BN, Scheltens P, Scherder EJ, van der Flier WM, Ossenkoppele R. The effect of physical activity on cognitive function in patients with dementia: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Ageing Res Rev. 2016 Jan;25:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.11.005. Epub 2015 Nov 28. | |
| 34613622 |
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Anonymised data will be available upon request.
Anonymised data data will be available after the first manuscript using the study data is published.
Anonymised data will be available upon request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D000084802 | Caregiver Burden |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
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| OTHER |
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|
| Usual Care | Other | Usual care and support service for people living with dementia in community, including but not limited to, care service, psychosocial intervention (but not CST), and social activities. |
|
Possible range: 0 - 51, with higher scores indicate better social functioning |
| Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| Care burden (Zarit Burden Interview short version, 12-item) | Possible range: 0 - 48, with higher scores indicate greater burden | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) | Possible range: 0 - 27, with higher scores indicate higher functional independence | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| Preference for ageing-in place (self-developed scale) | Possible range: 1 - 5, with higher scores indicate lower preference for ageing-in place | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| Preparation of ageing in-place (self-developed scale) | Possible range: 5 - 25, with higher scores indicate better preparation of ageing in place | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| The Montreal Cognitive Assessment subscale (MoCA subscale) | Possible range: 0 - 3, with higher scores indicate better language ability | Intake (T0), a 7-week follow-up (T1), and a one-month follow-up (T2) |
| Knapp M, Bauer A, Wittenberg R, Comas-Herrera A, Cyhlarova E, Hu B, Jagger C, Kingston A, Patel A, Spector A, Wessel A, Wong G. What are the current and projected future cost and health-related quality of life implications of scaling up cognitive stimulation therapy? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022 Jan;37(1). doi: 10.1002/gps.5633. Epub 2021 Oct 15. |
| 16738349 | Background | Knapp M, Thorgrimsen L, Patel A, Spector A, Hallam A, Woods B, Orrell M. Cognitive stimulation therapy for people with dementia: cost-effectiveness analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;188:574-80. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.010561. |
| 30011160 | Background | Dementia: Assessment, management and support for people living with dementia and their carers. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2018 Jun. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513207/ |
| 40337614 | Background | Ryan S, Brady O. Cognitive stimulation and activities of daily living for individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia: A scoping review. Br J Occup Ther. 2023 Aug;86(8):540-559. doi: 10.1177/03080226231156517. Epub 2023 Mar 15. |
| 27478677 | Background | Toh HM, Ghazali SE, Subramaniam P. The Acceptability and Usefulness of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Older Adults with Dementia: A Narrative Review. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;2016:5131570. doi: 10.1155/2016/5131570. Epub 2016 Jul 11. |
| 38636561 | Background | Desai R, Leung WG, Fearn C, John A, Stott J, Spector A. Effectiveness of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for mild to moderate dementia: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials using the original CST protocol. Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Jun;97:102312. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102312. Epub 2024 Apr 16. |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |