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This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital rehabilitation exercise platform in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. A total of 36 adult patients who require ongoing rehabilitation after living donor liver transplantation will be recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a personalized exercise program delivered through a digital rehabilitation platform in addition to standard exercise education, whereas the control group will receive standard exercise education only. Physical function, body composition, quality of life, and physical activity will be assessed before surgery, at discharge, at 1 month after discharge, and at 3 months after discharge to determine whether the digital rehabilitation platform improves recovery-related outcomes during the post-transplant period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Digital Rehabilitation Platform Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive a personalized exercise program using a digital rehabilitation platform in addition to standard exercise education. During hospitalization, participants will perform platform-based exercise sessions with research staff, and after discharge they will continue self-exercise and self-management using the platform. Exercise content may be adjusted according to assessment results and participant condition. |
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| Standard Exercise Education Group | Active Comparator | Participants in this group will receive standard exercise education according to usual rehabilitation care procedures during hospitalization and will continue self-exercise and self-management after discharge based on the education and materials provided. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digital Rehabilitation Platform | Behavioral | A personalized digital rehabilitation exercise program for patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. The program includes exercise guidance during hospitalization and continued home-based self-exercise and self-management after discharge through a digital rehabilitation platform. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 6-Minute Walk Distance in meters | Six-minute walk distance will be measured using the 6-Minute Walk Test to assess functional exercise capacity and physical endurance in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. The reported value will be the total distance walked in meters. | Baseline (preoperative admission), on the day of hospital discharge from the index transplantation admission, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Medical Research Council Sum Score | Overall muscle strength will be assessed using the Medical Research Council Sum Score. The reported value will be the total MRC Sum Score. | Baseline (preoperative admission), on the day of hospital discharge from the index transplantation admission, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samsung Medical Center | Seoul | South Korea |
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| Standard Exercise Education | Behavioral | Usual rehabilitation exercise education provided during hospitalization for patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation, with instructions for continued self-exercise and self-management after discharge. |
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| Grip Strength in kilograms |
Muscle strength will be assessed using handgrip dynamometry. The reported value will be grip strength in kilograms. |
| Baseline (preoperative admission), on the day of hospital discharge from the index transplantation admission, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. |
| Short Physical Performance Battery total score | Lower extremity physical performance will be assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery. The reported value will be the total SPPB score. | Baseline (preoperative admission), on the day of hospital discharge from the index transplantation admission, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge |
| Functional Ambulation Categories score | Walking independence will be assessed using the Functional Ambulation Categories scale. The reported value will be the FAC score. | Baseline (preoperative admission), on the day of hospital discharge from the index transplantation admission, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. |
| Skeletal Muscle Mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis | Body composition will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The reported value will be skeletal muscle mass. | Baseline (preoperative admission), on the day of hospital discharge from the index transplantation admission, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. |
| EQ-5D index score | Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire. The reported value will be the EQ-5D index score. | Baseline (preoperative admission), on the day of hospital discharge from the index transplantation admission, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge. |
| Average daily step count measured by Fitbit Charge 5 | Physical activity will be assessed using Fitbit Charge 5. The reported value will be average daily step count.discharge. | 1 month after discharge and 3 months after discharge. |