Distinct Semiological Clusters of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures Identified by Video-EEG Monitoring
Distinct Semiological Clusters of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures Identified by Video-EEG Monitoring
This retrospective observational study evaluates semiological and electroclinical characteristics of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) in adult patients who underwent video-EEG monitoring. The study aims to identify distinct semiological patterns and classify PNES events based on observable ictal features recorded during video-EEG monitoring.
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxysmal events that resemble epileptic seizures but are not associated with ictal epileptiform activity on electroencephalography (EEG). Video-EEG monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosis.
In this retrospective observational study, video-EEG recordings and clinical data of 52 adult patients diagnosed with PNES were reviewed. Semiological features observed during recorded events were systematically evaluated and coded as binary variables.
Hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's method with squared Euclidean distance) was used to identify semiological patterns. The aim was to define clinically meaningful clusters of PNES events and to describe their demographic and clinical correlates.
Inclusion Criteria:
Adults aged 18 years and older Diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) confirmed by video-EEG monitoring Availability of complete video-EEG recordings capturing at least one typical event Availability of sufficient clinical and demographic data in medical records for retrospective evaluation
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients younger than 18 years Incomplete or poor-quality video-EEG recordings Absence of recorded typical PNES events during video-EEG monitoring Insufficient clinical documentation for retrospective analysis