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In this study, the investigators hypothesized that Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy with Focused Object-Directed Attention (VRMTFOA) would yield superior therapeutic effects compared to conventional Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy (VRMT) in individuals with unilateral stroke.
The aim of this study is to compare the immediate effects of a single session of VRMT, VRMTFOA, and VRMTFOA with auditory feedback on upper extremity function and brain activity in stroke patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy Group | Active Comparator | 30 minutes of Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy combined with 20 minutes of conventional task-oriented therapy. |
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| Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy with Focused Object-Directed Attention (VRMTFOA) | Experimental | 30 minutes of Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy with Focused Object-Directed Attention combined with 20 minutes of conventional task-oriented therapy. |
|
| VRMTFOA with auditory feedback | Active Comparator | 30 minutes of VRMTFOA with auditory feedback combined with 20 minutes of conventional task-oriented therapy. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| task-oriented training | Other | Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy combined with Motor training targeted to goals that are relevant to the functional needs of the patient |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the result of Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) for motor function of upper extremity test | Each item is rated on a three-point ordinal scale (2 points for the detail being performed completely, 1 point for the detail being performed partially, and 0 for the detail not being performed). The maximum motor performance score is 66 points for the upper extremity. | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the result of Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) | Muscle tone is defined by assess muscle tone by evaluating resistance to passive stretch, reflecting the level of spasticity, with scores ranging from 0 (no increase in tone) to 4 (rigidity in flexion or extension). | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Change in the result of Box and blocks test |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hsiu-Yun Hsu, Ph.D | Contact | 886-6-2353535 | 2669 | hyhsu@mail.ncku.edu.tw |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Cheng-Kung University Hospital | Recruiting | Tainan | Taiwan | 704 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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The score is the number of blocks carried from one box to the other in one minute. Higher values represent a better outcome. |
| baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Change in the result of Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test | The Semmes-Weinstein monofilamenttest examines the cutaneous pressure threshold, range from 1.65-6.65. Higher values represent a worse outcome. | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Change in the result of Motor Activity Log | Semi-structured interview examine how much and how well the subject uses their more-affected arm for 30 ADLs. Score range from 0-5. Higher values represent a better outcome. | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Surface electromyography (sEMG) | Change in the root mean square (RMS) of the EMG signal was computed to quantify the change of muscle activation. | baseline, 9 weeks |
| Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale | Assess overall clinical change, rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). | 9 weeks |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |