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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laughter Therapy | Other Identifier | 2024/13 |
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The intervention will be conducted by Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurten ÖZÇALKAP. No invasive procedures will be performed; participants will engage in deep breathing, warm-up exercises, playful activities, and laughter exercises. The researcher holds an internationally certified training in laughter therapy.
Intervention Group
Participants will be invited face-to-face, informed about the study, and provide consent. They will be assigned to groups of 8 - 9 and receive laughter yoga twice weekly for a total of 8 sessions (20-40 minutes each) in a suitable hospital or institutional setting.
Baseline assessments will include the Introductory Information Form, Brain Fog Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. These scales will be re-administered after the 8th session.
Control Group Participants will be recruited similarly and provide consent. Baseline assessments will be conducted using the same instruments. Post-test assessments will be performed 4 weeks later.
After study completion, control group participants who wish will be offered one session of laughter yoga.
The intervention will be conducted by Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurten ÖZÇALKAP. No invasive procedures will be performed; participants will engage in deep breathing, warm-up exercises, playful activities, and laughter exercises. The researcher holds an internationally certified training in laughter therapy.
Intervention Group Participants will be invited face-to-face, informed about the study, and provide consent. They will be assigned to groups of 8 - 9 and receive laughter yoga twice weekly for a total of 8 sessions (20-40 minutes each) in a suitable hospital or institutional setting.
Baseline assessments will include the Introductory Information Form, Brain Fog Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Sleep Quality Scale. These scales will be re-administered after the 8th session.
Control Group Participants will be recruited similarly and provide consent. Baseline assessments will be conducted using the same instruments. Post-test assessments will be performed 4 weeks later.
After study completion, control group participants who wish will be offered one session of laughter yoga.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 laughter yoga therapy | Experimental | Participants received a total of 8 sessions of laughter yoga therapy, conducted twice weekly. |
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| Group 2 Control | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| grup 1 laughter yoga therapy | Other | Participants received a total of 8 sessions of laughter yoga therapy, conducted twice weekly. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Introductory Information Form: | This form was developed by the researchers based on the literature and includes questions on participants' sociodemographic characteristics. | Baseline |
| Brain Fog Scale | This scale consists of 30 items and three subdimensions. The total score ranges from 30 to 150. The cognitive symptoms subscale ranges from 17 to 85, the physical symptoms subscale from 8 to 40, and the psychological symptoms subscale from 5 to 25. Higher scores on the total scale and/or subscales indicate greater levels of brain fog. | Baseline, After 4 weeks |
| Psychological Well-Being Scale | Developed by Diener et al. and adapted into Turkish by Telef, this scale consists of eight items. The items assess components such as individuals' sense of competence, quality of relationships, and life evaluation. The scale contains no reverse-scored items and uses a 7-point Likert format ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 7 (strongly disagree). The total score ranges from 8 to 56, with higher scores indicating higher psychological well-being. Six items assess core dimensions of well-being, while two items contribute to score balance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was reported as 0.87. | Baseline, After 4 weeks |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | The PSQI was developed in 1989, and its validity and reliability in Türkiye were established in 1996. It assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a one-month period. The index includes 24 items; however, item 19 and the last five items are used for clinical information only and are not included in scoring. The remaining 18 self-reported items evaluate seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each component is scored between 0 and 3, and the sum of these yields a global PSQI score ranging from 0 to 21. A total score above 5 indicates poor sleep quality, while a score of 5 or below indicates good sleep quality. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was reported as 0.80. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Menopausal Women
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ağri İbrahim Çeçen Universty | Ağrı | Ağri | 04100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384. | ||
| 37060595 | Result | Atik D, Inel Manav A. A Scale Development Study: Brain Fog Scale. Psychiatr Danub. 2023 Spring;35(1):73-79. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2023.73. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Atik, D., Manav, A.İ. (2023). A Scale Development Study: Brain Fog Scale. Psychiatria Danubina, 35 (1), 73-79. | View source |
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Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to ethical considerations and the need to protect participant confidentiality. The data contain sensitive personal information, and participants did not provide consent for public data sharing. However, anonymized data may be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| D005222 | Mental Fatigue |
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| Baseline, After 4 weeks |
| Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384. | View source |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |