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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Les Mills International | INDUSTRY |
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Broadly, the objective of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific breathwork program (Les Mills Breath) on various physiological variables related to running performance, compared to a mindfulness control (20 minutes of guided meditation). There are three specific research questions: 1) Does daily participation in a 20-minute breathwork program improve respiratory function more than a mindfulness control intervention? 2) Does daily participation in a 20-minute breathwork program improve heart rate variability (an indicator of parasympathetic nervous system activity which is associated with enhanced exercise recovery) more than a mindfulness control intervention? 3) Does daily participation in a 20-minute breathwork program increase self-selected running speeds at relative moderate and vigorous intensities more than a mindfulness control intervention? The intended outcomes of the current research are to contribute to the field of research which has examined various forms of "respiratory training" and their effects on athletic performance, specifically running. While certain training protocols have been shown to be effective, there are issues of accessibility which persist. Methods of respiratory training/breathwork which are more easily available to recreational athletes are understudied with regards to running performance, hence the current research.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful meditation | Active Comparator | 20 minute, video-based mindful meditation focusing on relaxation. |
|
| Breathwork | Experimental | 20-minute, video based meditation focusing on breathwork: physiological sigh, cyclic breathing with breath holds, resonant frequency breathing |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindful meditation | Behavioral | 20-minute, video-based mindful meditation focusing on relaxation |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Preferred running speed at moderate intensity | Following a warmup, the speed on a treadmill will be increased until the participant signals that an exertion level of 12/20 is reached on the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, corresponding to moderate intensity and feeling "somewhat hard". The participant will run at this intensity for five minutes. The speed will be blinded to the participant throughout the data collection, encouraging them to rely on physical cues of exertion. | From baseline to followup (4 weeks later) |
| Preferred running speed at vigorous intensity | Following the five minutes running at 12/20 (moderate) intensity, the speed will again be increased until a subjective exertion level of 16/20 (vigorous, and feeling "very hard") is reached. The subject will continue running at this intensity for 5 minutes. The running speed at each phase will be noted by the researcher. | From baseline to follow-up (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Waking heart rate variability | Participants will use a heart rate monitor (Polar chest strap) and the Elite HRV app to measure waking heart rate variability (RMSDD) for 3 minutes each morning for 6 days after the baseline appointment, and for 6 days leading up to the follow-up appointment. | Baseline to follow-up (4 weeks after baseline) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gillian Hatfield, PhD | Contact | 1 604-504-7441 | 2217 | gillian.hatfield@ufv.ca |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gillian Hatfield, PhD | University of the Fraser Valley | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of the Fraser Valley | Recruiting | Chilliwack | British Columbia | V2R0N3 | Canada |
Deidentified participant data that is used in the results publication will be shared with other researchers on reasonable request.
Available immediately following publication, and for 7 years after publication.
Other researchers can contact the Principal Investigator via email to request deidentified data.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053120 | Respiratory Aspiration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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| Breathwork | Behavioral | 20-minute, video-based meditation focusing on breathwork: physiological sigh, cyclic breathing with breath holds, resonant frequency breathing |
|
| Forced Vital Capacity |
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is the total amount of air a person can forcibly exhale from their lungs after taking the deepest breath possible. It is measured using a spirometer. |
| Baseline to follow-up (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) | FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second) measures the maximum amount of air you can forcibly exhale in the first second of a breath. It is measured using spirometry. | Baseline to follow-up (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Peak Expiratory Flow rate (PEFR) | PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) measures the maximum speed of air exhaled from the lungs. It is measured using a spirometer. | Baseline to follow-up (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) | Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) is a pulmonary function test that measures the maximum volume of air a person can inhale and exhale over 12 seconds, reported in liters per minute (L/min). It is measured using spirometry. | Baseline to follow-up (4 weeks after baseline) |
| Recovery heart rate variability | This is the heart rate variability (measured using a chest strap and the Elite HRV app) obtained during the last 3 minutes of 10 minutes of quiet lying after the running trials. | Baseline to follow-up (4 weeks after baseline) |