Silver compounds have demonstrated a positive effect in most medical fields, including periodontal therapy, particularly in their nano-formulations. These nanoparticles have exhibited a significant capacity to accelerate healing and possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, in addition to their ability to mitigate pain and postoperative complications.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate tissue healing, epithelialization, postoperative pain, degree of pigmentation, and patient satisfaction following the application of a nano-silver crystal membrane compared to conventional dressing after the surgical removal of gingival melanin pigmentation.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Gingival Hyperpigmentation: Presence of physiological melanin pigmentation in the maxillary anterior region, categorized as Grade 3 or 4 according to the Heden Gingival Pigmentation Index.
2. Age Demographic: Patients aged 20 years or older.
3. Periodontal Health: Absence of active periodontal disease (e.g., periodontitis or gingivitis).
4. Gingival Biotype: Presence of a medium-to-thick gingival biotype.
5. Attached Gingiva: An adequate width of attached gingiva to ensure surgical stability.
6. Oral Hygiene: Demonstration of good oral hygiene with a proven ability to maintain effective plaque control throughout the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Systemic Pigmentation: Presence of gingival discoloration secondary to systemic conditions or metabolic disorders.
2. Drug-Induced Pigmentation: Hyperpigmentation resulting from the administration of specific pharmacological agents.
3. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate plaque control or a lack of compliance with oral self-care instructions.
4. Smoking Status: Current smokers or individuals with a recent history of tobacco use, due to its confounding effect on gingival pigmentation and wound healing.
5. Physiological Status: Pregnant or lactating women.
6. Systemic Health & Medication: Patients with underlying systemic diseases or those receiving medications known to influence periodontal tissue integrity or inflammatory response (e.g., immunosuppressants or calcium channel blockers).
7. Periodontal Disease: Presence of active periodontitis or attachment loss.