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This single-blind, randomized controlled trial will employ a two-arm parallel design (exercise group vs. control group) with a 12-week intervention period. Randomization will be implemented using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) to ensure balanced group allocation. All outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.
The exercise intervention will consist of supervised progressive resistance training sessions conducted three times weekly (with a minimum 48-hour rest period between sessions) at Firat University Hospital. Control participants will maintain their usual daily activities without participating in any structured exercise programs.A blinded neurologist will perform all clinical assessments to eliminate measurement bias. To control for circadian variations, all evaluations will be scheduled at consistent times of day for each participant. Environmental conditions will be strictly maintained during testing sessions (ambient temperature: 21-22°C; humidity: 55-60%). This study will be designed and reported in accordance with CONSORT guidelines for randomized trials, incorporating all essential elements for transparent randomized controlled reporting, including allocation concealment, blinding procedures, and intention-to-treat principles.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Experimental | Based on current recommendations for individuals with MS, the PRT program will last 12 weeks and will include three sessions per week, each lasting 60-90 minutes at 60-80% of one-repetition maximum. |
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| Control | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Other | According to current clinical guidelines for multiple sclerosis patients, the progressive resistance training (PRT) protocol will be implemented as follows: a 12-week intervention consisting of three supervised 60-90 minute sessions per week at 60-80% of one-repetition maximum intensity. All training sessions will be conducted under the direct supervision of a certified physiotherapist to ensure proper technique adherence and safety throughout the intervention period |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| MRI Acquisition and Volumetric Analysis | Volumetric brain analysis will be conducted using VolBrain, an open-access automated segmentation platform for brain MRI. | 12 weeks |
| Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) measurement | All patients will be asked to provide blood samples in the morning following their overnight (12 h) fast before and after the study. The unit ng/ml will be used for serum Neurofilament Light Chain. | 12 Weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite | Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) is a standardized, quantitative tool used to assess disability and functional changes in individuals with multiple sclerosis . | 12 Weeks |
| Fatigue Impact Scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Furkan Bilek, PhD | Contact | +905442772249 | fzt.furkanbilek@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fırat University | Elâzığ | 23100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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This single-blind, randomized controlled trial
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All clinical assessments will be performed by a blinded neurologist to eliminate measurement bias.
|
The Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) was used to evaluate the effect of fatigue on daily activities in individuals with MS.
| 12 Weeks |
| Short form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2) | The SF-12v2 is a psychometrically validated, reliable, generic HRQoL instrument that assesses patients' physical and mental health. It is a short form of the SF-36, which is frequently used in clinical trials. The SF-12v2 consists of 12 questions from the SF-36 that evaluate the exact eight health domains as the SF-36: physical function, the role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, the role-emotional and mental health. The Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores are norm-based scores ranging from 0 to 100 calculated from the responses to the 12 questions using scoring software. | 12 Weeks |
| Problem-Solving inventory (PSI) | In the Likert-type inventory, each item is scored between 1 and 6. Three items are excluded from the scoring. Certain inventory items are reverse-scored. It is assumed that 32 items represent adequate problem-solving skills. A high scale score indicates that the individual considers him/herself inadequate, exhibits avoidance-attachment behavior, and does not feel personal control. The scale scores could range between 32 and 192 | 12 Weeks |
| Emotional intelligence scale (EIS) | ''Emotional Intelligence Assessment Scale" includes five subscales: Emotional awareness (items 1, 2, 4, 17, 19, 25), emotion management (items 3, 7, 8, 10, 18, 30), self-motivation (items 5, 6, 13, 14, 16, 22), empathy (items 9, 11, 20, 21, 23, 28), relationship control (items 12, 15, 24, 26, 27, 29). The 6-point Likert-type scale (1: completely disagree, 2: partially disagree, 3: slightly disagree, 4: slightly agree, 5: partially agree, 6: completely agree) includes 30 items. There are no reverse-scored items. A total score of 155 or higher is considered high (very strong), scores between 130 and 150 are considered normal (some improvement needed), and scores of 129 and below are considered low (definitely needed improvement) emotional intelligence. | 12 Weeks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| C537987 | Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 1F |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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