The goal of this observational study is to analyze the predictive value of early recurrence within different time windows for late recurrence, ultimately providing evidence-based support for defining the blanking period after pulsed field ablation and stratifying recurrence risk, with the goal of transforming clinical management strategies following pulsed field ablation. The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. Employ big data analysis methods to develop a risk stratification tool for atrial fibrillation;
2. Identify high-risk prognostic indicators for atrial fibrillation and establish early assessment models for short-term and long-term prognosis.

Participants will undergo pulsed field ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and will receive structured follow-ups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-ablation. At each follow-up, a 24-hour Holter monitor will be performed to systematically assess the recurrence of atrial arrhythmias and the atrial arrhythmia burden.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged ≥18 years
• Study participants diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) and scheduled to undergo pulsed field ablation
• Study participants undergoing their first ablation procedure for AF

Exclusion Criteria:

• Study participants with any known contraindications to the pulsed field ablation system, anticoagulation therapy, use of contrast agents, or atrial fibrillation ablation
• Those who have previously undergone atrial fibrillation ablation, or have severe mitral stenosis, valve replacement, or various cardiac surgeries.

Consecutively selected patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent pulsed field ablation (PFA) in the Department of Cardiology at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2025 to June 2026. Patients were screened strictly in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria to enroll eligible participants as study subjects.