The objective of this clinical trial is to investigate the effect of light exposure on sedation depth during general anesthesia.The primary research questions this study aims to address include:

Does light condition affect the dosage of anesthetic medications during anesthesia? By what mechanism does light exposure exert an influence on anesthesia? Participants will be randomly allocated to either the light-shielded group or the non-light-shielded group.Patients in the light-shielded group will wear an eye shield during anesthesia.

The following data will be recorded for all patients:

Induction drug dosage Induction time Intraoperative anesthetic dosage Emergence time

Inclusion Criteria:

• a. Age between 18 and 65 years, regardless of gender;
• b. ASA physical status I-II;
• c. 18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 28;
• d. Signed written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• a. Blindness or history of photosensitivity disorders;
• b. Patients requiring medication for sleep, or with a history of sleep disorders;
• c. Presence of neurological diseases;
• d. Pregnancy;
• e. Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction;
• f. History of anesthetic drug abuse or alcohol abuse;
• g. History of adverse anesthesia events (difficult airway, allergy to anesthetic agents).

To protect patient privacy and ensure the security of clinical data, the individual participant data (IPD) collected in this study will be used only for scientific analysis and publication related to this trial. No public disclosure, sharing, or uploading to public repositories is planned. Therefore, IPD will not be made available.

Data analyst