The study aims to assess healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perspectives in managing pregnant Muslim women who fast during Ramadan.

Also, the investigators aim to highlight the barriers and institutional factors affecting healthcare professionals' ability to provide culturally competent care to these women

• Study Design

  • Study Type: Cross-sectional design.
  • Population of Study: Healthcare providers who could deal with pregnant women, including obstetricians, general practitioners, family physicians, and midwives.
  • Sampling Method: Convenience sampling
  • Sample Size: 129 participants

• Study Setting

  • Study Setting: The study will be conducted in hospitals, clinics, and community health centers across Gulf countries and Egypt.
  • Recruitment Methods: through professional networks, regional medical associations, and social media platforms targeting healthcare professionals.

• Data Collection

  • Tool: A structured questionnaire consisting of Demographics, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perspectives
  • Online Surveys: Surveys will be distributed via professional organizations (e.g., obstetrics and gynecology societies in the Gulf region and Egypt), email lists, and social media platforms.
  • Platforms Used: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and healthcare-specific forums

• Statistical Analysis Quantitative data will be analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data will be analyzed using NVivo

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthcare providers currently practicing mainly in Gulf countries or Egypt.
• Healthcare providers experienced in caring for pregnant women who fast during Ramadan, defined as managing at least one such patient within the past two years.
• Participants willing to provide informed consent.
• Representation from both urban and rural healthcare settings to ensure geographic diversity.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Healthcare providers not currently practicing.
• Healthcare providers without experience in managing pregnant women who fast during Ramadan.
• Participants with incomplete survey responses, defined as less than 80% completion.
• Healthcare providers who are part of the research team or have a conflict of interest in the study.

Healthcare providers who could deal with pregnant women, including obstetricians, general practitioners, family physicians, and midwives, mainly from Gulf countries or Egypt