This observational study aims to evaluate the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score Short Form (NBSS-SF) in adults with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis who have neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurogenic bladder symptoms, such as urinary incontinence, urgency, and difficulties with urine storage or emptying, may negatively affect daily functioning and quality of life. In this study, the validity and reliability of the Turkish NBSS-SF will be examined, and convergent validity will be assessed through its relationship with the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and the Short Form-12 (SF-12). In eligible participants, the scale will be administered again after 7 to 14 days. The aim of the study is to provide a valid and reliable Turkish patient-reported outcome measure for use in clinical practice and research.

This is a methodological, cross-sectional, observational study designed to develop the Turkish version of the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score Short Form (NBSS-SF) and to evaluate its psychometric properties in adults with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis who have neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

The study will include translation, cross-cultural adaptation, pilot testing, and validation phases. The Turkish adaptation process will consist of forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, and expert committee review. The pre-final Turkish version will then be tested in approximately 30 participants to evaluate item clarity and acceptability. After the necessary linguistic revisions, the final Turkish version will be produced.

The target sample size for the validation phase is 120 participants. Eligible participants will be adults aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis, neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, and sufficient cognitive ability to read and complete the questionnaires in Turkish independently. Individuals with an active urinary tract infection, urological surgery within the last month, spinal shock, a recent significant change in general health status, or a relapse within the last 3 months in the case of multiple sclerosis will be excluded.

During data collection, participants will complete a case report form, the Turkish NBSS-SF, the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and the Short Form-12 (SF-12). In clinically stable eligible participants, the Turkish NBSS-SF will be re-administered after 7 to 14 days to assess test-retest reliability.

Psychometric evaluation will include assessment of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and convergent validity by examining the relationships between NBSS-SF scores and KHQ and SF-12 scores. The study aims to produce a valid and reliable short-form Turkish patient-reported outcome measure for the evaluation of neurogenic bladder symptoms in clinical practice and research.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being ≥18 years old

  • Having a diagnosis of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) or Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction
  • Being able to read and understand Turkish and have the cognitive ability to independently complete questionnaires
  • Can be included with any bladder management method (spontaneous voiding, CIC, permanent catheter, condom catheter, reconstruction/diversion etc.)
  • Volunteering and signing informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having an active urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Having undergone urological surgery in the last month
• Reporting changes in bladder/urinary function between the first and second applications (surgery, UTI, change in bladder medication)
• Having a significant recent change in general health status
• Having a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the spinal shock phase
• Having experienced a relapse of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) within the last 3 months.

The study will be conducted on patients aged ≥18 years with neurogenic LUTS diagnosed with MS or SCI.