Despite these advances, CBCT interpretation remains largely qualitative and dependent on the clinician's experience. Conventional evaluation is based on two-dimensional slices and linear measurements, which may underestimate lesion complexity and spatial distribution.

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine have introduced automated image segmentation tools capable of identifying lesion boundaries and calculating volumetric data. These technologies allow a transition from subjective assessment to objective, reproducible quantification.

The potential clinical advantages include:

• Objective measurement of lesion size (volume in mm³)
• Improved surgical planning
• Enhanced prediction of anatomical involvement
• Reduction of diagnostic errors
• Standardization of follow-up and outcome assessment Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical impact of AI-based segmentation and volumetric analysis of endosseous lesions compared to conventional CBCT interpretation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Good health according to the System of the American Society of Anesthesiology
• Aged older than 18 years
• No general medical contraindication for surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoking more than 15 cigarettes a day

  • Pregnancy
  • Acute infections