The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of optical internal urethrotomy, which uses a holmium laser in comparison to a cold knife, in treating short-segment urethral strictures in our local setting. The study will help standardize treatment protocols for urethral stricture based on functional results. The local findings will encourage adoption of minimally invasive laser techniques in public hospitals, improving access to modern urologic care. The study will help in informed decision making, enabling patients to understand treatment options and their expected outcomes based on evidence.

Urethral stricture, one of the earliest known urologic conditions, is still prevalent and challenging to cure. It is a common illness with a high morbidity rate; its estimated frequency is around 0.6% in industrialized areas and may be higher in developing regions. The various therapeutic options are influenced by depth, location, and length of scarring of stricture. These include electrocautery, cold-knife urethrotomy, and other laser treatments.3 These have gained particular popularity in the last 20 years.

A cold-knife incision may cause mechanical injuries that could lead to recurrence while preventing thermal damage to the surrounding tissues. On the other hand, recurrence of strictures and severe heat injury are possible outcomes of electrocautery. The Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser has been the most widely used laser treatment in recent years due to its precision and efficacy. After carefully advancing the Sachse Urethrotome to the stricture site, the stricture is incised using the 12 o'clock position technique until it is sufficiently treated.6 A range of lasers, such as carbon dioxide, argon, yttrium aluminum-garnet (YAG), neodymium (Nd), and holmium (Ho):YAG, are also used to treat the urethral strictures. The Ho:YAG laser is gaining popularity as an endourology method due to its high precision and minimal heat impact on surrounding tissues.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males aged 18 to 70 years with short segment urethral strictures (length <2 cm), planned to undergo internal urethrotomy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with multiple or recurrent strictures, those with active urinary tract infections, complete urethral obliteration on urethroscopy, with pan-anterior strictures, posterior stenosis, failed prior interventions, or lichen sclerotic changes

male genders