The primary outcome is the risk of dysphagia in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, measured using a validated questionnaire administered once to each participant. The swallowing function was assessed using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10). The scale consists of 10 items, with a total score ranging from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate a greater severity of swallowing impairment (a score of ≥3 is considered indicative of dysphagia)

The severity of temporomandibular disorders was assessed using the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI). The index consists of 10 items with a total score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate a greater severity of temporomandibular dysfunction

Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). The scale consists of 15 items scored on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7. Total and subscale scores are calculated, where higher scores indicate greater symptom severity and a worse clinical condition.

The patient's functional level of oral intake was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). The scale is a 7-point ordinal scale with scores ranging from 1 to 7. Unlike many other clinical tools, higher scores on the FOIS indicate better functional oral intake, with a score of 1 representing total tube dependency and a score of 7 representing total oral intake with no restrictions.

Nutritional habits and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). The index is based on a 16-item questionnaire with total scores ranging from -4 to 12. Higher scores indicate better adherence to the Mediterranean diet and higher dietary quality.