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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Swedish Cancer Society | OTHER |
| Region Stockholm | OTHER_GOV |
| The Swedish Breast Cancer Association | UNKNOWN |
| The Sjöberg Foundation |
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In Sweden, approximately 7000 women are diagnosed with hormone-sensitive breast cancer annually. According to international and national guidelines, most of these women are recommended anti-hormonal therapy for five to ten years to improve prognosis. Tamoxifen, one of the most widely used anti-hormonal agents globally, reduces the risk of recurrence by 40% and breast cancer mortality by 30%.
Tamoxifen is a pro-drug that undergoes hepatic metabolism to form endoxifen and other active metabolites. Variability in metabolic capacity affects therapeutic efficacy: poor metabolisers produce insufficient endoxifen and other active metabolites, risking therapeutic failure, while ultrarapid metabolisers generate excessive amounts, leading to intolerable adverse effects. Today, 30-50% of patients discontinue treatment prematurely due to severe side effects, resulting in suboptimal outcomes.
Currently, tamoxifen is uniformly prescribed at a daily dose of 20 mg, and so far, no clinical trials have tested whether individualised dosing could enhance adherence and improve survival outcomes. The primary objective is to evaluate whether individualised tamoxifen dosing reduces discontinuation rates and enhances patient outcomes in breast cancer treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individualised care with tamoxifen dose adjustments. | Experimental | Patients randomised to individualised care will have their dose adjusted according to an algorithm based on patient reported side effects and the concentration of (z)-endoxifen in blood. |
|
| Standard-of-care with the standard tamoxifen dose of 20 mg orally once per day. | Active Comparator | In the control arm, each subject undergoes treatment with the standard dose 20 mg tamoxifen daily by oral intake of one tablet, with no possibilty of dose adjustment during the trial. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual dose of tamoxifen | Drug | Each subject starts their treatment with the standard dose 20 mg tamoxifen daily by oral intake. During visits 2 (3 months), 3 (six months) and 4 (twelve months), the investigator will either let the patient remain on 20 mg tamoxifen or individualise the dose. The investigator may change the daily tamoxifen from 20 mg per day to: a halved dose to 10 mg, or a doubled dose to 40 mg. The recommendation for oral intake of tablet(s) tamoxifen for a daily dose of 10, 20 or 40 mg is accordingly: for 10 mg: one tablet (20 mg) every two days for 20 mg: one tablet (20 mg) every day for 40 mg: two tablets (20 mg) every day. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Discontinuation of tamoxifen. | The primary outcome is discontinuation of tamoxifen. This will be declared when any of the following four criteria are satisfied:
| From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient reported outcomes. | At baseline and two weeks before the doctor's appointment at 3, 6 and 12 months after start of tamoxifen therapy all patients will answer the POWER symptom burden questionnaire. Patients will be answering questionnaires yearly year 2-5 from start of tamoxifen. The purpose is evaluate treatment-related side effects (e.g., tamoxifen). The symptom burden questionnaire includes the BCPT Eight Symptom Scale (BESS) (derived from the 42-item Breast Cancer Prevention Trial checklist), which is a 30-item, 5-point Likert-type, self-report tool measuring symptom distress in breast cancer patients over the past four weeks. It covers eight specific domains (hot flashes, nausea, bladder/vaginal problems, pain, cognitive, weight, arm problems). Higher scores indicate higher symptom distress, where patients rate how "bothered" they were on a scale of 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Extremely). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants with genetic polymorphisms in germline DNA | Measure genetic polymorphism in germline DNA and relate it to the primary endpoint and other secondary and exploratory endpoits, e.g. discontinuation, (z)-endoxifen concentrations, and side effects. It will be explored if, and to what extent, genetic polymorphism in germline DNA is contributing information that could be used in the interpretation of the primary and secondary findings. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism; bleeding disorder or coagulopathy; macular disorders, retinal disorders, severe cataract or glaucoma.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helena Aaröe, RN | Contact | +46852482267 | powerstudien-meb@ki.se |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Marike Gabrielson, PhD | Karolinska Institutet | Principal Investigator |
| Jenny Bergkvist, MD, PhD | Karolinska Institutet | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S:a Älvsborgs Sjukhus | Borås | 501 82 | Sweden |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001943 | Breast Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D001941 | Breast Diseases |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
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| UNKNOWN |
| The Cancer Research Foundations of Radiumhemmet | UNKNOWN |
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| Standard adjuvant therapy of tamoxifen | Drug | The global standard dose for everyone is 20 mg orally once per day. Each subject undergoes treatment with the standard dose 20 mg daily by oral intake of one tablet, with no possibility of dose adjustment during the trial. |
|
| From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Quality of life questionnaire | At baseline and two weeks before the doctor's appointment at 3, 6 and 12 months after start of tamoxifen therapy all patients will answer the quality-of-life questionnaire designed for this study. A prespecified set of answers from the questionnaire will be available for the doctor and patient to discuss at the appointment. Patient will be answering the same questionnaire yearly year 2-5 in the study. The results from the questionnaires will not be discussed with the patient but analysed at the end of the study. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Concentration of circulation plasma metabolites | Tamoxifen and the metabolites 4-OH-tamoxifen, N-DM-tamoxifen, and endoxifen will be analysed in plasma at each blood collection time point. For patients in the intervention arm, the endoxifen concentration will be accessible in the patient eCRF and discussed at the doctor's visit for decision on the appropriate dose. For patients in the control arm, neither the patient nor the doctor will have access to the endoxifen concentrations during the trial. Endoxifen concentrations in the control arm will remain pseudonymised and stored on servers without access for investigators or relevant study personnel until end-of-trial. | From 3 months after treatment start to end of treatment at 60 months |
| Invasive disease-free survival (iDSF) | iDSF measures the time from randomized treatment or surgery until the first occurrence of an invasive cancer recurrence, a new primary invasive cancer, or death from any cause. Study site will report first recurrence, local or distant during the patients 5 years in the study. For long-term follow-up the information about first recurrence or death will be collected from the National Cancer Registry. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) | DRFS measures the time from primary cancer treatment until the first recurrence at a distant site (metastasis) or death from the cancer, excluding local-regional recurrences. Site will report first recurrence during the patients 5 years in the study. For long-term follow-up the information about first recurrence or death will be collected from the National Cancer Registry. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) | BCSS is the percentage of people with a specific type and stage of breast cancer who are alive at a certain time (often 5 or 10 years) following diagnosis, accounting only for deaths caused by that cancer. Unlike overall survival, BCSS excludes deaths from other causes. The site will report during the patients 5 years in the study. For long-term follow-up, the information about death will be collected from the National Cancer Registry. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Overall survival (OS) | The study site will report death during the first 5 years in the study. For long-term follow-up the information about death will be collected from the National Cause-of-Death registry. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Mammographic breast density | Assess change in mammographic density including time-and dose-dependent trends in density change. The mammograms will be collected for a centralised assessment of density and density change. An automated, digital software, e.g. the Stratus software, will be used to measure mammographic features such as density, macrocalcifications and masses. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Cost effectiveness Analysis (CEA) | CEA will be used to compare relative costs and effects of the intervention, expressed as Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QUALYs) gained. Cost effectiveness and values of the intervention i.e. individualised adjuvant tamoxifen will be evaluated using the POWER trial questionnaires, medical records, National Register information, number and extents of health care contacts, and concomitant medications, collected through the trial. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) | CBA will be used to investigate any monetary value of individualised tamoxifen, measured by impacts on all direct and indirect costs. Values of the intervention i.e. individualised adjuvant tamoxifen will be evaluated using the POWER trial questionnaires, medical records, National Register information, number and extent of health care contacts. and concomitant medications, collected through the trial. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) | ICER will be calculated by dividing the incremental cost of the intervention i.e. individualised adjuvant tamoxifen by its incremental health benefit. Cost effectiveness and values of the intervention will be evaluated using the POWER trial questionnaires, medical records, National Register information, number and extents of health care contacts, and concomitant medications, collected through the trial. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Blood collection at enrollment |
| Number of biomarkers of potential use for therapeutic drug monitoring | Exploratory analysis will be done after the primary analysis, in plasma collected at baseline and follow-up blood drawls, and stored at the Karolinska Institutet Biobank. Exploratory analysis will be used to identify biomarkers of potential use for therapy effect, dose-response, side effects and tolerability, and heterogeneity of drug response. Exploratory analyses will also be used for deconvolute dominant phenotypes and markers and predictors of heterogeneity. Exploratory analyses will, among others, include endogenous hormones, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, extracellular vesicles, ctDNA, cfDNA, miRNA and siRNA. | From enrollment to end of treatment at 60 months. |
| Skaraborgs Sjukhus | Skövde | 549 49 | Sweden |
|
| Capio S:t Görans Sjukhus | Stockholm | 112 81 | Sweden |
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| Södersjukhuset, Onkologiska kliniken | Stockholm | 118 61 | Sweden |
|
| D017437 |
| Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |