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This study examines the effectiveness of a School-Based Mindfulness Program (SBMP) designed to support attention regulation, emotion regulation, self-awareness, and self-compassion in preschool children aged 48-72 months. The intervention was implemented in preschool classrooms over eight weeks and consisted of 24 structured sessions. A quasi-experimental design with two experimental groups (researcher-led and teacher-led implementation) and one control group was used. School readiness outcomes were assessed using the School Readiness Assessment Tool (SRAT).
The School-Based Mindfulness Program (SBMP) is an eight-week classroom-based intervention designed to enhance preschool children's attention focus, emotion regulation, self-awareness, and self-compassion. The program consists of 24 structured sessions delivered three times per week within the natural classroom setting.
Each session follows a structured format including a brief attention-focusing exercise, a core experiential activity, and a short reflective closure. The activities include breathing awareness exercises, sensory awareness practices, emotion recognition tasks, and reflective activities aimed at supporting children's emotional and cognitive development.
The study employed a quasi-experimental design with two experimental conditions (researcher-led and teacher-led implementation) and one control group. Children in the control group continued their regular preschool curriculum. School readiness outcomes were measured at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
The program was theoretically informed by principles of flow theory, emphasizing focused attention, balance between challenge and skill, and immediate feedback. The intervention aimed to support developmental processes associated with school readiness, including attentional control, emotional regulation, and self-regulation skills.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Researcher-Led SBMP | Experimental | Children received the School-Based Mindfulness Program (SBMP) delivered by the researcher over eight weeks (24 sessions). |
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| Teacher-Led SBMP | Experimental | Children received the School-Based Mindfulness Program (SBMP) delivered by the classroom teacher following structured training. |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | Children continued with the regular preschool curriculum without receiving the mindfulness intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| School-Based Mindfulness Program (SBMP) | Behavioral | An eight-week classroom-based mindfulness program consisting of 24 structured sessions delivered three times per week. Each session includes attention-focusing exercises, experiential activities, and reflective practices designed to support attention, emotion regulation, self-awareness, and self-compassion in preschool children. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| School Readiness | School readiness levels of preschool children assessed using the School Readiness Assessment Tool- Child Form. Scores range from 0 to 74, with higher scores indicating higher levels of school readiness. | Baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 8), and follow-up (Week 12) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Parent-Reported School Readiness | Parents' evaluations of children's school readiness using the School Readiness Assessment Tool-Parent Form. Scores range from 0 to 170, with higher scores indicating higher levels of school readiness. | Baseline (Week 0) and post-intervention (Week 8) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mihriban ÖZCAN | Hasan Kalyoncu University | Principal Investigator |
| Adalet KANDIR | Gazi University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vilayetler Hizmet Birligi Preschool, Sehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey | Gaziantep | Gaziantep | 27010 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42050636 | Derived | Ozcan M, Kandir A. Effects of a School-Based Mindfulness Program on school readiness in preschool children: a mixed-methods study of researcher-led and teacher-led implementation. BMC Psychol. 2026 Apr 29;14(1):912. doi: 10.1186/s40359-026-04567-6. |
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Data are not publicly available due to ethical considerations.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000068356 | Self-Control |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012919 | Social Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Participants were assigned to two experimental groups (researcher-led and teacher-led implementation) and one control group in a parallel design.
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Outcome assessment was conducted by an independent assessor who was not involved in the intervention process.
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