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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| World Vision, Laterite | UNKNOWN |
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Mental health disorders are among the leading causes of the global health-related burden. Mental health disorders are exacerbated by poverty and exposure to adversity like conflict and adverse shocks. Despite the high prevalence, adequate care for mental illness is mainly inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries. Given the bidirectional link between poverty and mental health and the limited mental health treatment in many low income settings, combining antipoverty interventions with psychotherapy delivered by non-specialists may be promising. Using a randomized control trial design, this study will compare the impact of a psychotherapy program, group Problem Management plus, with and without a one-time lump sum cash transfer on mental health, daily activities, and economic outcomes among Productive Safety Net Program clients in the regions of Amhara and Oromia.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | Does not receive any intervention | |
| gPM+ | Experimental | Receives gPM+ therapy sessions |
|
| Cash | Experimental | Receives cash transfer |
|
| gPM+ and Cash | Experimental | Receives gPM+ and cash |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| group Problem Management Plus | Other | Problem Management Plus (PM+) is an intervention developed by WHO in 2013 to address common mental health problems such as depression, stress, and anxiety. It involves problem management (PM) plus (+) selected behavioral strategies to address both psychological issues (e.g., stress, fear, feelings of helplessness) and practical problems (e.g., livelihood problems, conflict in the family) (World Health Organization 2016). It was conceived initially as individual counselling composed of 5 sessions. In villages randomized to the gPM+ treatment, same-sex therapy groups of 3 to 8 individuals will be formed and facilitated by Community Health Facilitators (CHF) for women and Men's Group Facilitators (MGF) for men. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mental health index | Mental health index will be composed of 5 mental health indicators listed below. To create the aggregate index, we standardize each indicator using the control mean and standard deviation. The aggregate indices are then simply the equally weighted average of the individual z-scores (Kling et al. 2007). The 5 indicators are:
As a robustness, we will also assess individual indicators that make up the summary index. | We will collect data on indicators above immediately after the gPM+ sessions end (Oct 2022) and 12 months later (Oct 2023). We will assess outcomes at both time periods to see if impacts are sustained. |
| Economic index | Economic index will be composed of 4 indicators listed below. To create the aggregate index, we standardize each indicator using the control mean and standard deviation. The aggregate indices are then simply the equally weighted average of the individual z-scores (Kling et al. 2007). The 4 indicators are:
| 12 months after the gPM+ sessions end |
| Time use | Time use index will be composed of 3 indicators listed below. To create the aggregate index, we standardize each indicator using the control mean and standard deviation. The aggregate indices are then simply the equally weighted average of the individual z-scores (Kling et al. 2007). The 3 indicators that will be used to construct the aggregate time use index are:
As a robustness, we will also assess individual indicators that make up the summary index. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Khat consumption | Number of khat bundles consumed in a typical day | Immediately after gPM+ session ends and 12 months later |
| Tension reduction checklist | 9-item checklist with response from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time). Scores for each item will be summed leading to a total score that ranges from 0-36, with higher values indicating better outcomes. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural communities | Addis Ababa | Ethiopia |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 10, 2022 | Oct 14, 2022 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053446 | CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053418 | Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins |
| D048868 | Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing |
| D047908 | Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins |
| D010455 | Peptides |
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| Cash | Other | Eligible households in villages randomized to the Cash treatment will also receive a one-time lump sum transfer worth the equivalent value in Birr of $300 USD. While the transfer is unconditional, it will be presented as a 'livelihoods transfer' to support income-generating activities that improve livelihoods. |
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| We will collect data on indicators above immediately after the gPM+ sessions end (Oct 2022) and 12 months later (Oct 2023). We will assess outcomes at both time periods to see if impacts are sustained. |
| Childcare | Childcare index will be composed of 3 indicators listed below. To create the aggregate index, we standardize each indicator using the control mean and standard deviation. The aggregate indices are then simply the equally weighted average of the individual z-scores (Kling et al. 2007). The 3 indicators that will be used to construct the aggregate childcare index are:
As a robustness, we will also assess individual indicators that make up the summary index. | We will collect data on indicators above immediately after the gPM+ sessions end (Oct 2022) and 12 months later (Oct 2023). We will assess outcomes at both time periods to see if impacts are sustained. |
| Immediately after gPM+ session ends and 12 months later |
| Brief Cope (shortened to 6 items) | Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief -cope). We will recode questions so that higher values represent better coping strategy. We will then take the total score from the 6 questions. Scores will range from 6-24. | Immediately after gPM+ session ends and 12 months later |
| Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support | The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988) is a 12-item measure of perceived adequacy of social support from three sources: family, friends, & significant other; using a 5-point Likert scale (0 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Scores will be summed across the 12 items, and thus range from 0-60, with higher scores indicating better social support | Immediately after gPM+ session ends and 12 months later |
| New general self-efficacy | New General Self-Efficacy Scale is an 8-item measure that assesses how much people believe they can achieve their goals, despite difficulties. Using a 5-point rating scale (1= strongly disagree; 3 = neither agree nor disagree; 5 = strongly agree), respondents show how much they agree with eight statements, such as "Even when things are tough, I can perform quite well." We will then calculate a total score by summing the response of each item. Scores will then range from 8-40, with higher scores indicating more self efficacy. | Immediately after gPM+ session ends and 12 months later |
| Time and risk preference | From Global preference survey | Immediately after gPM+ session ends and 12 months later |
| Value of Investments in last 12 months | Total value of investments will be assessed through a questionnaire that asks respondents how much they invested in livestock, farming, and non-agriculture activities in the last 12 months. Responses will be totaled across activities. | 12 months after gPM+ ended |
| Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) | WHO violence against women instrument. Using this instrument we will create 3 binary indicators: No Emotional IPV: Binary variable =1 if respondent does not report any emotional violence from partner in the last 12 months No Physical IPV: Binary variable =1 if respondent does not report any physical violence from partner in the last 12 months No Sexual IPV: Binary variable =1 if respondent does not report any sexual violence from partner in the last 12 months | 12 months after gPM+ ends |
| Alcohol use (3 item) | The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test- we asked 3 items from the alcohol use disorders test. We will take the total score that sums up the responses from the 3 items. Total score will range from 0-12, with higher values indicating more alcohol use. | Immediately after gPM+ session ends and 12 months later |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D047988 | Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins |
| D051017 | Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins |
| D002352 | Carrier Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |