Participants in the synchronous group will receive a 12-week telerehabilitation program based on a 'parent coaching' model. The intervention consists of weekly 45-minute real-time video consultations via Zoom. To optimize session efficiency, parents receive standardized pre-session guidance (camera setup, infant readiness) via WhatsApp. The physiotherapist acts as a remote coach, providing live verbal and visual feedback to guide parents as the primary implementers during natural daily routines (play, feeding, care). Each session involves evaluating Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) objectives from the previous week and collaborative development of new motor strategies and environmental modifications tailored to the infant's current developmental needs.

Participants in the asynchronous group will follow a 12-week telerehabilitation program based on a parent coaching model with a delayed feedback principle. To ensure therapeutic intensity equivalent to the synchronous sessions, parents will record and submit 10-15 minutes of video clips weekly, showing intervention activities integrated into daily routines (play, feeding, care). These videos are shared via secure, end-to-end encrypted messaging. The physiotherapist performs a detailed analysis of the parents' handling techniques and the infant's movement quality. Feedback is provided through recorded demonstration videos (using a model doll or the therapist) to correct or reinforce motor patterns. Each weekly cycle includes evaluating Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) objectives and updating motor strategies based on the infant's current developmental needs.

Participants in the control group will follow a standard home-based program without active physiotherapist supervision or individualized coaching. At baseline (T0), infant-specific Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) parameters are established. Families receive comprehensive standardized educational materials, including a 'Parent Education Booklet' (PDF) and instructional videos demonstrating motor activities and positioning. Throughout the 12-week period, families implement these strategies independently. Unlike the experimental groups, no live feedback, video analysis, or weekly goal revisions are provided; GAS goals remain fixed and are evaluated only at the 12th week (T1). For ethical monitoring, brief phone calls are conducted at weeks 4 and 8 to assess study adherence and general health, strictly excluding any therapeutic guidance or intervention updates.

A 12-week remote physiotherapy program based on a 'parent coaching' model delivered via real-time video conferencing (Zoom). The intervention consists of weekly 45-minute sessions where the physiotherapist acts as a coach, providing live verbal and visual guidance to parents as the primary implementers of the intervention. Activities are integrated into the infant's natural daily routines (play, feeding, care). Pre-session standardized guidance (camera positioning, infant readiness) is provided via WhatsApp. Clinical progress is monitored through weekly evaluation and updating of Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) objectives tailored to the infant's developmental needs.

Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is a standardized method used to evaluate the achievement of individualized treatment goals in pediatric rehabilitation. For each infant, 3 to 5 SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound) goals are collaboratively established by the physiotherapist and the family. Each goal is scored on a 5-point scale: -2 (baseline level), -1 (less than expected), 0 (expected outcome), +1 (more than expected), and +2 (much more than expected). The raw scores are converted into a standardized T-score using the formula with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. A T-score of 50 or higher indicates that the intervention has successfully met or exceeded the expected goals.

The Parental Self-Efficacy Scale, developed by Guimond et al. (2005) and adapted into Turkish by Cavkaytar et al. (2014), assesses the self-efficacy perceptions of parents of children with disabilities regarding their caregiving and child-rearing capacities. The scale consists of 17 items rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. It is primarily administered as a self-report tool, with researchers providing assistance (reading items) for illiterate participants if necessary. The Turkish version demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.95) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.79). Total scores range from 17 to 85, where higher scores indicate a greater sense of parenting competence and self-efficacy in their roles.

The Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-SF), originally developed by Abidin (1983) and validated in Turkish by Mert et al. (2008), is a 36-item self-report instrument designed to assess stress within the parent-child system. It consists of three subscales (12 items each): Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction, and Difficult Child. The Total Stress score is calculated by summing these three subscale scores. Total scores range from 36 to 180, where higher scores represent higher levels of perceived parenting stress. The Turkish version demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.71 for Total Stress; 0.76-0.81 for subscales) and high test-retest reliability (r = 0.88).

The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) is a standardized, quantitative tool for the neurological assessment of infants aged 2 to 24 months. It comprises three sections: (1) a 26-item neurological examination assessing cranial nerve function, posture, movement quality, muscle tone, and reflexes; (2) an 8-item assessment of developmental motor milestones; and (3) a 3-item behavioral assessment. The total neurological score is derived from the 26 items in the first section, with a maximum possible score of 78. Higher scores indicate better neurological development and maturity.