Multicenter Retrospective Study Over a 14-Year Period From 2010 to 2024

Inclusion of all neonates and infants who underwent surgical repair of aortic coarctation within the first year of life in one of the five participating surgical centers. From antenatal data to postoperative complications. Very large table.

Event-free survival (events: death, recoarctation, cardiac reinterventions, hypertension)

Description of patients who developed recoarctation Univariate and multivariate analysis of determinants of recoarctation (+/- death): patients with recoarctation versus others (excluding those who died without recoarctation).

Main Predictive Factors and Primary Criteria to Be Tested:

Antenatal diagnosis of coarctation: yes/no Prematurity: yes/no and subgroups (24-32 weeks vs. 32-37 weeks vs. term) Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): yes/no; IUGR vs. small for gestational age vs. normal weight Birth weight < 2500 g vs. > 2500 g Prostaglandin infusion: yes/no Duration of prostaglandin infusion (days) Ventricular septal defect (VSD): yes/no Bicuspid aortic valve: yes/no Hemodynamic failure: yes/no Aortic valve size: < -2 Z-score Horizontal aorta < 3.6 mm vs. > 3.6 mm CT scan performed: yes/no Age at surgery: < or > 1 month Surgical technique: patch vs. simple/extended Crafoord repair Associated procedure: yes/no Length of ICU stay (days) Postoperative cardiovascular complication: yes/no Postoperative isthmic peak velocity: < or > 2 m/sec

Data Collection Excel database including 934 patients from 5 centers. 127 columns from A (Anonymization number) to DX (Date of hypertension diagnosis).

Primary endpoint: Prevalence and morbidity/mortality.

Data divided into 13 sections:

Sociodemographic data: Follow-up center, responsible physician Antenatal data: Follow-up and echocardiography results

Delivery:

Neonatal clinical presentation:

Diagnostic echocardiography:

Preoperative CT scan if performed:

First intervention:

Post-intervention echocardiography

Second intervention if performed:

Recoarctation with surgical intervention:

Recoarctation with catheter intervention Last follow-up data: Weight, height, blood pressure, date of last visit, last news Date of death

Exercise test results if available:

Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion of all neonates and infants who underwent surgical repair of aortic coarctation within the first year of life in one of the five participating surgical centers.

Among associated intracardiac lesions, patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), bicuspid aortic valve, and persistent left superior vena cava are also included.

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Exclusion Criteria: Children with complex congenital heart disease (e.g., transposition of the great arteries, double outlet right ventricle, single ventricle, truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch) are excluded. Patients that underwent angioplasty as first intervention will also be excluded.

Inclusion of all neonates and infants who underwent surgical repair of aortic coarctation within the first year of life in one of the five participating surgical centers.

De-identified individual participant data including:

Demographic characteristics (age, sex, birth weight, gestational age) Surgical details (type of repair, associated procedures) Follow-up outcomes (hypertension, recoarctation, cardiac reinterventions, mortality) Imaging results (echocardiography, CT scan if performed)

IPD will be available after publication of the main results and for a period of 5 years.

No individual participant data will be shared