Evaluation of the Microcirculatory Response to Fluids in Critically Ill Patients With Venous Congestion: A Prospective Observational Study

Evaluation of the Microcirculatory Response to Fluids in Critically Ill Patients With Venous Congestion: A Prospective Observational Study

The hypothesis is that fluid-responsive patients who show signs of venous congestion experience a worsening of microcirculatory status after fluid administration compared to patients without signs of venous congestion

Inclusion Criteria:

• Critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit
• Invasive or minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring

Exclusion Criteria:

• Suspected or confirmed pregnancy
• Inability to access the oral cavity (e.g., facial trauma, oral bleeding)