major revision

Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a life-saving supportive therapy for patients with acute brain injury, which accounted for nearly one-fifth of all mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, prolonged exposure to IMV is consistently associated with an increased risk of ventilator-related complications and adverse outcomes. Accordingly, alongside the initiation of IMV, timely and safe liberation from ventilator should be considered. Nevertheless, data detailing the weaning process and its associated outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with ABI remain scarce. To address this gap, the investigators conducted an observational study aimed at characterizing the ventilator weaning process and outcomes in patients with ABI receiving IMV, using the modified WIND classification.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with ABI
• ≥ 18 years old
• underwent IMV for at least 24 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

• already tracheostomized
• concurrent of cervical spinal cord injury
• pregnant or lactation
• withdraw of life-sustaining treatment within the first 24 hours of ICU admission

Patients with ABI including traumatic brain injury (TBI), non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage (SAH), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and central nervous system infection were eligible to this study, if they were ≥ 18 years old and underwent IMV for at least 24 hours