Not provided
| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 003878910 2025 09418 003 000 0 | Other Grant/Funding Number | Autonomous Province of Vojvodina Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This randomized controlled trial found that integrative neuromuscular exercises significantly improved gross motor skills in school-age girls compared to regular physical activity. The results support including structured neuromuscular training in physical education programs.
The current study aims to determine the effects of eight-week integrated neuromuscular exercise implemented during physical education class in a primary school in lower elementary children on motor skills. The sample consisted of 52 second-grade students of the elementary school "Prva vojvodjanska brigada" from Novi Sad. Classes were randomly divided into the two groups: the intervention group (n=37) and the control group (n=35). The intervention group performed the integrated neuromuscular training program two times per week within the first ~15 min of physical education class consisting of a dynamic warm-up, basic exercises focused on increasing muscle strength and power, and secondary exercises focused on improving fundamental motor skills. The control group performed traditional physical education classes, also twice a week. To evaluate the effects of the experimental and control program, the following test batteries were used: for the assessment of motor skills Test of Gross Motor Development. Mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statist analysis.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Integrated neuromuscular group | Experimental | Participants performed the integrated neuromuscular training program two times per week within the first ~15 min of physical education class consisting of a dynamic warm-up, basic exercises focused on increasing muscle strength and power, and secondary exercises focused on improving fundamental motor skills. |
|
| Active control group | Active Comparator | The control group performed traditional physical education classes, also twice a week. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training program | Other | Participants performed the integrated neuromuscular training program two times per week within the first ~15 min of physical education class consisting of a dynamic warm-up, basic exercises focused on increasing muscle strength and power, and secondary exercises focused on improving fundamental motor skills. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Locomotor skills - Test of Gross Motor Development - 2nd edition | Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD-2). The TGMD-2 has been widely used in previous research due to its high reliability and low measurement error, providing strong support for its effectiveness (Ulrich, 2000). Locomotor skills (run and horizontal jump) is especial skills in this battery and of great importance for monitoring the motor development of girls. Each task was performed twice by the child; a score of 1 was awarded for correct execution, whereas a score of 0 was given for incorrect performance. Each performance criterion was scored separately across two trials, and the scores were subsequently summed to obtain the final result. This overall score reflects the individual's current level of fundamental motor development. Higher scores indicate more proficient locomotor skills, whereas lower scores may suggest the presence of motor deficits. | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Manipulative skills - Test of Gross Motor Development | Test of Gross Motor Development-2 has been widely used in previous research due to its high reliability and low measurement error, providing strong support for its effectiveness (Ulrich, 2000). Each task was performed twice by the child; a score of 1 was awarded for correct execution, whereas a score of 0 was given for incorrect performance. Higher scores indicate more proficient manipulative skills (catch, stationary dribble), whereas lower scores may suggest the presence of motor deficits. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
A total of 72 girls will be recruited (second-grade students of the elementary school).
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad | Novi Sad | 21000 | Serbia |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Study type: Randomized, controlled trial, pre- and post-test design
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| 8 weeks |