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The purpose of this study is study the impact of meal sequencing when added to standard care in individuals with diabetes mellitus/prediabetes who receive produce boxes as part of a food insecurity program.
Meal sequencing is a way of eating where proteins and vegetables are consumed before carbohydrates. Eating proteins and vegetables first has shown to cause lower post meal glucose levels compared to eating carbohydrates first in a meal.
The investigators believe participants with prediabetes or diabetes mellitus experiencing food insecurity enrolled in a produce delivery program and receive meal sequencing counseling will have improvement in glucose levels and dietary quality compared to those who are enrolled in the produce delivery program and receive standard nutritional counseling.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Care Counseling | Active Comparator | In this arm, participants who are enrolled in the food insecurity produce delivery program will receive standard care counseling. |
|
| Food Order/Meal Sequencing | Experimental | In this arm, participants who are enrolled in the food insecurity produce delivery program will receive food order/meal sequencing counseling alongside standard care counseling. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Order/Meal Sequencing | Behavioral | Food order/meal sequencing is a behavioral intervention where one consumes protein-rich food and non-starchy vegetables followed by carbohydrates resulting in lower postprandial glycemic excursions compared to those who consume the same foods in the reverse order (carbohydrates first). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the effect of meal sequencing on Time in Range (TIR) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) between baseline and week 24. | Time in range is measured as the percentage of time a participant spends within the target blood glucose range of 70-180mg/dL for participants with diabetes mellitus and 63-140 mg/dL for participants with pre-diabetes. Change in time in range between baseline and week 24 blood glucose range will be assessed. | Baseline, Week 24 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Dietary Quality Assessed by Healthy Eating Index (HEI) | Diet quality will be assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) which will be computed from the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment (ASA24) outputs. The HEI is a measure of diet quality that is used to evaluate how well a diet aligns with key recommendations and dietary patterns published in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Dietary Guidelines). The overall HEI score consists of 13 parts that reflect the different food groups and key recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. These different parts are scored. Higher scores indicate better dietary quality. A score of 100, which is the highest score, reflects a diet that aligns with the Dietary guidelines for Americans, >80 indicates a good diet, 51-80 indicates a diet that needs improvement, <51 implies a poor diet. The lowest possible score is 0. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
-Nonpregnant adults ages of 18 to 75 with prediabetes or diabetes mellitus who screen positive for food insecurity and provide informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
-Participants with gestational diabetes or pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gwendolyne Jack, MD | Weill Medical College of Cornell University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weill Cornell Medicine-Endocrinology | New York | New York | 10021 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011236 | Prediabetic State |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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|
| Standard of Care Counseling | Behavioral | Standard of care counseling is standard dietary counseling based on the 10 tips for a healthy lifestyle created by choosemyplate.gov |
|
| Baseline and Week 24 |
| Change in Dietary Quality Assessed by Alternate Health Eating Index (AHEI) | Diet quality will be assessed using Alternate Healthy Eating Index which will be computed from the Automated Self-Administered Dietary Assessment (ASA24) outputs. Scores range from 0 to 110. Higher scores on the AHEI indicate eating patterns that reduce chronic disease risk. It evaluates 11 components and each component is scored from 0-10. | Baseline and Week 24. |
| Change in HbA1c | HbA1c is measured based on the DCCT/NGSP standard. | Baseline and Week 24. |
| Change in body weight | Body weight is measured in kilograms. | Baseline and Week 24. |
| Change in FIB4 score | FIB4 score is interpreted as <1.30 (low risk), 1.30-2.67 (intermediate), and 2.67 (high risk for advanced fibrosis). | Baseline and Week 24. |
| Change in Total Cholesterol | Cholesterol is measured in mg/dL | Baseline and Week 24. |
| Change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) | LDL is measured in mg/dL | Baseline and Week 24 |
| Change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) | HDL is measured in mg/dL | Baseline and Week 24 |
| Change in triglycerides | Triglycerides are measured in mg/dL | Baseline and Week 24 |