Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Patients with type II diabetes are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to increased blood sugar, inflammation, insulin resistance, and physical inactivity. The effectiveness of exercises in improving cardiopulmonary fitness have not been well documented and practiced in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to determine the comparative effects of Periodized circuit and strength training in improving cardiovascular fitness, pulmonary functions , quality of life and glycemic control in type II diabetes patients. The study will be a randomized clinical trial. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria participants will be divided into 2 groups, Group A and Group B. The study will be 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week (18 sessions). Group A will be asked to perform Periodized circuit training 45 min per session (20 min aerobic exercise with 10 min warm up and cool down) with moderate intensity, 10min break and 15 min of resistance exercise while Group B will follow Conventional strength training 45 min per session, 35 min of strength and endurance training with 10 min of warm up and cool down. The study outcomes measures will be pulmonary functions (FEV1. FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) through digital spirometer quality of life through health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire , cardiopulmonary fitness ( heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation through 6MWT) and Glycemic control through (BCM). The data will be assessed at baseline, daily after the interventions and end of the study. Data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 23.
Key words: CT (Circuit training), CF (Cardiovascular fitness), PF (Pulmonary function), CST (Conventional strength training), CVD (cardiovascular disease), T2D (Type 2 diabetes), BCM (Blood Glucose Monitor)
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group A | Experimental | Periodized Circuit Training |
|
| Group B | Experimental | Conventional Strength Training |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A: Periodized Circuit Training | Other | Group A: Periodized Circuit Training Protocol The participants in this group performed Periodized circuit training 45 min per session, 10 min break. Before start exercises patients performed 5 min warm up session then 20 min of aerobic exercise and 15 min of resistance exercise. The exercise session were, Walking, jogging, body weight, scissor exercise and lastly cool down session of 5 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular Fitness | A 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD) in meters were performed to determine the cardiovascular fitness pre-post exercise | 6 weeks |
| Pulmonary Functions | Digital Spirometer is a common tool used to test pulmonary functions through measuring the volume of air a person can inhale and exhale, as well as how quickly they can do so. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, and other conditions that affect lung function. The reliability is usually good with test results reproducibility generally being above 90%. The validity is also well-defined since spirometry is rated as gold standard of measuring the lung functioning. FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio were measured pre-post exercise through digital spirometer | 6 weeks |
| HRQoL | HRQoL questionnaire were used to access quality of life of diabetes II patients pre-post exercise | 6 weeks |
| Glycemic Control | Blood glucose monitor device were used to check the glucose level, pre-post exercise | 6 weeks |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hafiza Muiam Ghani, MSCPPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPMC Hospital | Karachi | Sindh | 75510 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27600194 | Background | Castro-Rodriguez M, Carnicero JA, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Walter S, Morley JE, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Sinclair AJ, Rodriguez-Manas L. Frailty as a Major Factor in the Increased Risk of Death and Disability in Older People With Diabetes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Oct 1;17(10):949-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.07.013. Epub 2016 Sep 3. | |
| Background | Fleck SJ. Periodized strength training: a critical review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 1999;13(1):82-9. | ||
| Background | Ikenna UC, Ngozichi OG, Ijeoma I, Ijeoma N, Ifeanyichukwu N, Martin OC. Effect of circuit training on the cardiovascular endurance and quality of life: Findings from an apparently healthy female adult population. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International. 2020;23(3.1-8). | ||
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Group B: Strength and Endurance Exercise Training Protocol | Other | The participants in this group performed Conventional strength training 45 min per session, 10 min break. Before start exercises patients performed 5 min warm up session then 30 min of strength and endurance training. The exercise session were jogging or walking, Glute Bridge, prone back extension, and ankle planter flexion and lastly cool down session of 5 min. |
|
| Background |
| Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Apr;36(4):674-88. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000121945.36635.61. |
| 18420714 | Background | Suetta C, Andersen JL, Dalgas U, Berget J, Koskinen S, Aagaard P, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. Resistance training induces qualitative changes in muscle morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle function in elderly postoperative patients. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2008 Jul;105(1):180-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01354.2007. Epub 2008 Apr 17. |
| 22818936 | Background | Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012 Jul 21;380(9838):219-29. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided