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To compare the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) on functional mobility, muscle strength, and quality of life in individuals with type-2-diabetes.
Comparing the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on functional mobility, muscle strength, and quality of life in diabetic patients is important due to the increasing burden of diabetes and its associated complications. Diabetes often leads to reduced physical function, muscle weakness, and poor quality of life. While both HIIT and MICT have demonstrated positive effects on health outcomes, it is not yet clear which exercise regimen offers superior benefits for improving mobility, strength, and overall well-being in diabetic individuals.
Diabetes often leads to reduced physical function, muscle weakness, and poor quality of life. While both HIIT and MICT have demonstrated positive effects on health outcomes, it is not yet clear which exercise regimen offers superior benefits for improving mobility, strength, and overall well-being in diabetic individuals. Understanding this can guide the development of more effective exercise protocols for diabetes management.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High Intensity Interval Training | Active Comparator | Warm-up: - 5 minutes of dynamic stretching.Exercise Intervals- 4 sets of 4 minutes high-intensity exercises (i.e, sprint intervals on a treadmill and squat jumping) - Intensity: Corresponding to perceived exertion rating (RPE) of 15-18 on the Borg 6-20 scale (32).Cool-down:- 3 minutes of active recovery intervals- Intensity: Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) 8 to 10.Schedule:- Frequency: 3 times per week- Duration: 12-week period- Total session duration: 30-32 minutesObjective:- Focus on maximizing cardiovascular and muscular adaptations through brief, intense activity bursts. |
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| Moderate Intensity Continuous Training | Active Comparator | Warm-up:- 5 minutes of dynamic stretching.Continuous Exercise:- 40 minutes of moderate-intensity exercises (i.e., brisk walking on a treadmill) - Intensity: Perceived exertion rate of 11-13 on the Borg 6-20 scale (34).Cool-down: None (continuous without intervals)Schedule:- Frequency: 3 times per week- Duration: 12-week period- Total session duration: 45 minutesObjective:- Promote endurance and quality of life with a sustainable approach to improving overall physical endurance. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Intensity Interval Training | Other | 3 session per week, 12 weeks sessions continued, each session had 4 sets of 4 minutes exercise with 3 min active rest inbetween routines. total 30 minutes per session, Sprinting and Jump squatting RPE 15-18 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| TUG timed up go test | Functional mobility is evaluated by the TUG test. The TUG test has revealed very high test-retest reliability among patients with diabetes, as shown by the ICC values from 0.93 to 0.99 | baseline pre exam, 6th week of intervention, and 12th week |
| Hand Grip Strength Test | To assess the power of muscles a dynamometer used to test the gripping power of participants making an objective estimate of the strength of the muscles in the upper body. This method had the same validity as that of the whole functional capacity in diabetic populations, with coefficients of 0.70 to 0.85 being most common | baseline pre exam, 6th week of intervention, and 12th week |
| Chair Stand Test | In order to evaluate again the strength of the lower limb muscles. The individuals were measured how fast they could stand up from a chair and sit down again and again, which is an indicator of muscle endurance and functional strength. The test has shown really high reliability in diabetic populations with ICC values being around 0.85 to 0.91. | baseline pre exam, 6th week of intervention, and 12th week |
| The Borg 6-20 Scale | The Borg 6-20 scale used to measure the rate of perceived exertion. It has a strong relationship with heart rate and oxygen consumption with the range of correlation coefficients between 0.80 and 0.88 for diabetic individuals. The Borg RPE scale in T2DM has a test-retest reliability indicated by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of about 0.85 to 0.92, which means that people give similar ratings of their exertion consistently across repeated sessions in similar exercise conditions | baseline pre exam, 6th week of intervention, and 12th week |
| WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire | The WHOQOL-BREF is a universal instrument that measures the quality of life in different aspects such as physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. In patients with diabetes, the WHOQOL-BREF reveals a strong internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.76 to 0.88 |
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Inclusion Criteria
:• Adults aging form 35 to 65.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Individuals with significant orthopedic limitations.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imran Amjad, Phd. | Contact | 03324390125 | imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sobia Kanwal, tDPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
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It was a single blinded study, the assessor was blind
| Moderate Intensity Continuous Training | Other | 3 session per week, 12 weeks sessions continued, 40 minutes one single exercise regime with no intervals. Brisk Walking on Treadmill, RPE-11-13 |
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| baseline pre exam, 6th week of intervention, and 12th week |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072696 | High-Intensity Interval Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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