Retrospective Follow-up Study on Lower Eyelid Melanin and Wrinkles After Blepharoplasty for Lower Eyelid Bags

Retrospective Follow-up Study on Lower Eyelid Melanin and Wrinkles After Blepharoplasty for Lower Eyelid Bags

This observational study aims to investigate the long-term outcomes of transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty, with a specific focus on changes in lower eyelid hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation and morphological alterations of wrinkles at short-term and long-term postoperative time points. It further seeks to clarify the overall impact of this surgical approach on lower eyelid skin appearance.

The study addresses the following research questions:

Does transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty improve lower eyelid pigmentation? If so, to what extent is the improvement achieved? Does transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty exacerbate lower eyelid wrinkles? What adjunctive or combined surgical techniques may mitigate this effect? All study participants had previously undergone transconjunctival lower eyelid blepharoplasty for the purpose of periorbital rejuvenation.

Inclusion Criteria Lower eyelid bags Tear trough deformity Fear of surgical scars, refusal of transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty, and strong preference for transconjunctival approach Age older than 35 years Exclusion Criteria Previous lower eyelid surgery History of periorbital injections including hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, or other regenerative fillers Orbital or eyelid tumors Local infection Psychiatric disorders Lack of follow-up photographs