his randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effects of low-load blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) training and traditional heavy-load resistance training (HL-RT) on male athletes with sub-acute non-specific low back pain. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the LL-BFR or HL-RT group for a specified intervention period. Both groups will perform supervised exercise sessions targeting core and lumbar stabilizing muscles. Outcomes including pain intensity, functional disability, and muscle strength will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The study seeks to determine whether LL-BFR can provide comparable or superior benefits to HL-RT while reducing mechanical stress on the lumbar spine.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Male athletes (Liu et al., 2025)

  • Age 18-24 years (Liu et al., 2025)
  • Athletes like wrestlers, weightlifters and sprinters
  • Report pain and discomfort localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds. (Adhikari et al., 2021)
  • Subacute low back pain - Pain lasting between 4 to 12 weeks. (Chou & Atlas, 2023)
  • Participants with moderate level of pain on Visual analogue scale.(Nambi et al., 2022)
  • Negative straight-leg-raising (SLR) test, which is useful for diagnosing lumbar disc herniation. (Jardim et al., 2022)
  • No dominant leg pain from radicular or cauda equina disorders. (Liu et al., 2025)
  • No history of previous lumbar or thoracolumbar spine surgery. (Jardim et al., 2022)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any prior lumbar or thoracolumbar spine surgery (Liu et al., 2025)
• A history of cancer, spinal infection, rheumatologic diseases, spine fracture, red flag signs (such as significant and unexplained weight loss exceeding 10% of total body weight within the past six months, and presence of fever), psychological disorders, and previous spine surgery, radiculopathy, anatomical or congenital abnormalities. (Hernandez-Lucas et al., 2023)
• History of peripheral arterial disease or deep vein thrombosis. (Jardim et al., 2022)