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This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammatory parameters, thyroid autoimmunity markers, and neuroretinal structures in patients with Graves disease. Medical records of patients diagnosed with Graves disease and healthy control subjects evaluated at Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital between August 2018 and January 2026 will be reviewed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements, including macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, will be analyzed. Laboratory parameters such as complete blood count-derived inflammatory indices, C-reactive protein, thyroid function tests, and thyroid autoantibodies will also be recorded. The study will compare neuroretinal parameters between healthy controls, Graves disease patients without ophthalmopathy, and Graves disease patients with ophthalmopathy, and will investigate potential associations between systemic inflammation, thyroid autoimmunity, and neuroretinal structural changes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Controls | Age-matched healthy individuals without known thyroid disease or autoimmune disorders who underwent ophthalmologic examination and optical coherence tomography evaluation. | ||
| Graves Disease Without Ophthalmopathy | Patients diagnosed with Graves disease who do not have clinical signs of Graves ophthalmopathy and who underwent optical coherence tomography evaluation. | ||
| Graves Disease With Ophthalmopathy | Patients diagnosed with Graves disease who have clinical findings consistent with Graves ophthalmopathy and who underwent optical coherence tomography evaluation. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness | Evaluation and comparison of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness values in different quadrants among study groups. | Retrospective evaluation of OCT measurements obtained between August 2018 and January 2026 |
| Macular Thickness Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography | Comparison of macular thickness measurements among healthy controls, Graves disease patients without ophthalmopathy, and Graves disease patients with ophthalmopathy. | Retrospective evaluation of OCT measurements obtained between August 2018 and January 2026 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Diagnosis of Graves' disease (for the patient group)
No known thyroid disease in healthy control participants
Availability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements and laboratory data
Time interval between OCT examination and blood sampling ≤ 10 days
Exclusion Criteria:
Macular diseases, uveitis, or severe refractive error (high myopia >6 diopters)
Diabetic retinopathy
History of previous intraocular surgery
History of active infection, malignancy, or systemic inflammatory disease
Poor-quality OCT measurements (segmentation errors or low signal strength)
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The study population will consist of adult patients diagnosed with Graves' disease who are followed in the endocrinology and ophthalmology clinics of the participating institution. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and have available optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements and laboratory data will be included in the patient group.
The control group will consist of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers without a history of thyroid disease or ocular pathology, recruited from individuals undergoing routine ophthalmologic examination.
All participants will be evaluated for neuroretinal structural parameters using OCT and systemic inflammatory markers obtained from laboratory tests.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SİNEM KESER, MD | Contact | +905070646384 | kesersinem@hotmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fethi Sekin City Hospital | Recruiting | Elâzığ | Elaziğ | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006111 | Graves Disease |
| D049970 | Graves Ophthalmopathy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005094 | Exophthalmos |
| D009916 | Orbital Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D006042 | Goiter |
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| D013959 |
| Thyroid Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D006980 | Hyperthyroidism |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D015785 | Eye Diseases, Hereditary |
| D030342 | Genetic Diseases, Inborn |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |