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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan | OTHER_GOV |
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This randomized controlled trial compares the operative outcomes of clipless laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a harmonic scalpel (HS) versus conventional clip-based laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) in patients with gallstone disease. The primary goals are to determine if the clipless HS technique reduces operative time and intraoperative blood loss. Secondary outcomes include the length of postoperative hospital stay and the rate of port-site infections.
Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) uses metal clips to control the cystic duct and artery. Potential complications include clip slippage, which can lead to bleeding or bile leak, and clips acting as a nidus for future stone formation. The harmonic scalpel (HS) uses ultrasonic energy to simultaneously cut and coagulate tissue, allowing for dissection and sealing of vessels without clips. This single-center randomized controlled trial, conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, enrolled 158 adults scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Participants were randomly assigned to either undergo a clipless cholecystectomy with a harmonic scalpel (Group A) or a conventional clip-based cholecystectomy with monopolar electrocautery (Group B). All procedures were performed by the same experienced surgical team. The study aims to provide evidence on the safety and efficiency of the clipless HS technique in a high-volume public hospital setting.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clipless Harmonic Scalpel Cholecystectomy | Experimental | Patients in this arm undergo a clipless laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a harmonic scalpel. Dissection of Calot's triangle is performed with the harmonic scalpel. The cystic duct and cystic artery are occluded and divided using the harmonic shear without the application of any metal clips. The harmonic scalpel is used on power setting 2 for closure and division of the cystic pedicle. The gallbladder is dissected from the liver bed using the harmonic scalpel on power setting 5 to achieve hemostasis. An abdominal drain is placed in Morrison's pouch at the end of the procedure according to unit protocol. |
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| Conventional Clip-Based Cholecystectomy | Active Comparator | Patients in this arm undergo a conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Calot's triangle is dissected using standard instruments and monopolar electrocautery. The cystic duct and cystic artery are individually controlled with metal clips (two clips applied proximally toward the common bile duct / hepatic artery side and one clip distally on the specimen side) and divided with laparoscopic scissors. The gallbladder is dissected from the liver bed using a monopolar hook. An abdominal drain is placed in Morrison's pouch at the end of the procedure according to unit protocol. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clipless Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Harmonic Scalpel | Procedure | Patients in this arm undergo a clipless laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a harmonic scalpel. Dissection of Calot's triangle is performed with the harmonic scalpel. The cystic duct and cystic artery are occluded and divided using the harmonic shear without the application of any metal clips. The harmonic scalpel is used on power setting 2 for closure and division of the cystic pedicle. The gallbladder is dissected from the liver bed using the harmonic scalpel on power setting 5 to achieve hemostasis. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Operative Time in minutes | Defined as the time from skin incision to the completion of skin closure, measured in minutes. | 120 minutes |
| Intraoperative Blood Loss in ml | Defined as the total volume of blood collected in suction canisters after subtracting the volume of irrigation fluid used, measured in milliliters. | 120 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Length of Postoperative Hospital Stay in days | Defined as the number of days from operation to discharge when the patient can tolerate oral intake and pain is well-controlled with oral medication. | 6 days |
| Port-Site Infection Rate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Awais Amjad, MBBS, FCPS | Services Institute of Medical Sciences | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Services Institute of Medical Sciences | Lahore | Punjab Province | 54000 | Pakistan |
The study was conducted in a single public sector institution in Pakistan. Data sharing policies are often strict and require specific prior approval, which was not indicated.
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| Conventional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | Procedure | Patients in this arm undergo a conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Calot's triangle is dissected using standard instruments and monopolar electrocautery. The cystic duct and cystic artery are individually controlled with metal clips (two clips applied proximally toward the common bile duct / hepatic artery side and one clip distally on the specimen side) and divided with laparoscopic scissors. The gallbladder is dissected from the liver bed using a monopolar hook |
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Defined as the presence of fever (>100°F) with pain and purulent discharge from any port site.
| 7-10 days |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002764 | Cholecystitis |
| D042882 | Gallstones |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005705 | Gallbladder Diseases |
| D001660 | Biliary Tract Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D002769 | Cholelithiasis |
| D041761 | Cholecystolithiasis |
| D002137 | Calculi |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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