The goal of this observational study is to learn how intravenous lipid emulsions may affect blood clotting function in hospitalized patients. The main question it aims to answer is:

Does receiving intravenous lipid emulsions change blood clotting function in hospitalized patients?

Inpatients who received intravenous lipid emulsions as part of their regular medical care during hospitalization will be included in this study. Information about their blood clotting function before and after lipid emulsion use will be collected from existing hospital records and compared with patients who did not receive lipid emulsions. This study will not change or add to the medical care patients receive.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who received intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for a total duration of ≥ 5 days during hospitalization.
• Lipid emulsions include single-bottle lipid emulsion injections and commercially available three-chamber parenteral nutrition admixtures containing lipid emulsions.
• Lipid emulsions do not include anesthetic-containing formulations, such as medium- or long-chain triglyceride lipid emulsions used in propofol.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who underwent major surgery with total blood loss exceeding 500 mL.
• Patients with malignant tumors who were receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy during hospitalization.
• Patients with long-term use of anticoagulants or other medications known to affect coagulation function.
• Patients with active bleeding, any known coagulation or bleeding disorders, autoimmune diseases (e.g., primary immune thrombocytopenia), hematologic diseases (including thrombocytopenic purpura, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia, or hematologic malignancies), or acquired immunodeficiency diseases.
• Patients who received blood transfusions during hospitalization.
• Patients with incomplete or missing clinical records.

Hospitalized patients who received intravenous lipid emulsions as part of routine clinical care.