This study aims to examine the effect of playing Brahms' lullaby during sponge bathing on neonatal comfort and physiological parameters in a neonatal intensive care unit. The main questions this study aims to answer are whether listening to Brahms' lullaby during sponge bathing improves neonatal comfort and stabilizes physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. Researchers will compare newborns who receive sponge bathing accompanied by Brahms' lullaby with those who receive routine sponge bathing without music. A total of 70 newborns who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. Newborn comfort will be evaluated using the COMFORTneo Scale, and physiological parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature will be recorded before and after bathing.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Newborns whose parents provide written informed consent for participation
• Gestational age of 37 weeks or more
• Birth weight ≥2500 grams
• Postnatal age between 24 hours and 7 days
• Newborns who will receive their first bath after birth
• Physiologically stable newborns
• Presence of spontaneous breathing
• No skin condition preventing sponge bathing
• No congenital or acquired hearing impairment
• Newborns born by spontaneous vaginal delivery or cesarean section

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of sedative and/or muscle relaxant medications
• Newborns receiving mechanical ventilation support
• Diagnosis of asphyxia
• Being within the first 72 hours of the postoperative period
• Impaired skin integrity
• Presence of cranial hemorrhage or major congenital, chromosomal, or neurological anomalies

Individual participant data will not be shared due to institutional and ethical restrictions.