Find out the effects of resistance training on depression, sleep quality, and quality of life in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Seventy-eight women aged 20 to 45 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus will be randomly assigned to either a resistance training group, which will receive both resistance and breathing exercises, or an active control group, which will receive breathing exercises only. The intervention will last for 12 weeks, with resistance exercises will be performed at moderate intensity. Outcomes will be assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for more than 5 years
2. Unchanged insulin doses for no less than three months
3. Good glycemic control, defined as glycated hemoglobin levels below 7%
4. Minimal to moderate depressive symptoms
5. Sleep quality impairment

Exclusion Criteria:

Presence of other types of diabetes, unstable cardiopulmonary conditions, recent neurological or musculoskeletal problems affecting exercise, pregnancy, postmenopausal status, and the use of sedatives or antidepressants.