This study is a randomized controlled trial conducted across multiple centers. Due to the anatomical and pathological complexity of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery, the study scope was restricted to the midline anterior skull base region to maximize homogeneity among enrolled cases.

After screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and obtaining informed consent, patients were intraoperatively classified into low-flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (dural defect ≤1 cm²) or high-flow CSF leak (dural defect >1 cm²) groups. Patients in the low-flow group were randomly assigned to either a non-bed-rest group or a 2-day bed-rest group, while those in the high-flow group were randomly assigned to either a 1-day or a 3-day bed-rest group.

The primary outcome was the reconstruction success rate (from immediately postoperative to 1 month) compared between different bed-rest durations within the low-flow and high-flow subgroups, respectively. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of bed-rest-related postoperative adverse events during hospitalization (safety indicator), postoperative quality-of-life scores (functional indicator), length of postoperative hospital stay (days), and total treatment cost (healthcare resource utilization indicator).

By comparing these outcomes across groups, the study aims to evaluate the impact of bed-rest duration on the outcomes of endoscopic endonasal reconstruction of the midline anterior skull base, thereby providing high-quality clinical evidence to facilitate accelerated postoperative recovery.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male and female patients aged 18-75 years.
2. Scheduled to undergo endoscopic endonasal midline anterior skull-base surgery with an anticipated risk of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak.
3. Pre-operatively alert, with normal limb mobility, able to comply with both post-operative bed-rest and non-bed-rest protocols.
4. Absence of severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction or any other comorbidity that would compromise tolerance of general anesthesia or surgical intervention.
5. Good patient compliance, voluntary participation in this clinical study, and signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pre-existing bed-rest-related complications such as hypostatic pneumonia, lower-extremity venous thrombosis, or pressure ulcers.
2. Anticipated requirement for prolonged post-operative bed rest.
3. No cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred during surgery, or dural defect extending beyond the midline anterior skull-base region.
4. Any other condition that, in the investigator's opinion, renders the participant unsuitable for enrollment.
5. Patients with poor treatment compliance.

De-identified individual participant data (IPD) that underlie the results reported in the primary and secondary publications of this trial will be shared. This includes baseline demographics, surgical details, perioperative variables, outcomes data (e.g., reconstruction success, complication rates), and follow-up assessments.

The data will become available 6 months after the publication of the primary results and will be accessible for 5 years thereafter.

Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal that has been approved by the study's data access committee. Approved users must sign a data use agreement, committing to using the data only for the approved purpose, not attempting to re-identify participants, and securing the data appropriately. Requests for data access can be directed to the corresponding author.