Intrathecal Bupivacaine With or Without Dexmetomidine for Cesserian Delivery

Intrathecal Bupivacaine With or Without Dexmetomidine for Cesserian Delivery ;Arandomized Non - Inferiority Study

Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures globally, with an increasing demand for safe and effective anesthesia techniques. Regional anesthesia, particularly intrathecal anesthesia, has become the method of choice for elective cesarean deliveries.The most commonly used local anesthetic for intrathecal anesthesia is bupivacaine.Recent studies have focused on adjunctive agents to enhance the efficacy of local anesthetics.

Inclusion Criteria:

• (1) Full-term pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. (2) Age: 20 ~ 35 years. (3) ASA physical status II ~ III

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Multiple pregnancies.
2. Cardiovascular disease(e.g., pre-eclampsia and hypertension).
3. Serious hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C).
4. serious renal dysfunction (undergoing dialysis before surgery).
5. History of alcohol or opioid addiction.
6. Contraindication to spinal anesthesia.
7. Refusing to sign informed consent.