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The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare the effects of three different versions of a future imaginal writing exercise (worst-case scenario, neutral future scenario, best-case scenario) for individuals with elevated social anxiety symptoms. Participants (estimated N=270) will be recruited through the online platform, Prolific, and will be randomly assigned to one of three writing exercise conditions. Participants will complete three study sessions across approximately three weeks. Study session 1 (T1) will consist of baseline assessments and pre-writing ratings, a future imaginal writing exercise, and then post-writing ratings. Study session 2 (T2) will occur approximately one week later and will consist of mid-study assessments and pre-writing ratings, a second, repeated future imaginal writing exercise, and then post-writing ratings. Finally, study session 3 (T3) will occur approximately one week later (approximately two weeks after T1) and will consist of follow-up assessments and repeated post-writing ratings.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Worst-Case Scenario | Experimental |
| |
| Neutral Future Scenario | Active Comparator |
| |
| Best-Case Scenario | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Worst-Case Scenario Written Exposure Exercise | Behavioral | Written exposure exercise about an imagined future worst-case scenario. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Social anxiety symptom severity, range: 0-68 total, higher scores indicate higher social anxiety symptom severity. | Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) | Depression symptom severity, range: 0-24 total, higher scores indicate higher depression symptom severity. | Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Colorado Boulder | Boulder | Colorado | 80309 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Neutral Future Scenario Written Exercise | Behavioral | Written exercise about an imagined neutral future scenario. |
|
| Best-Case Scenario Written Exposure Exercise | Behavioral | Written exposure exercise about an imagined future best-case scenario. |
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General anxiety symptom severity, range: 0-20 total, higher scores indicate higher general anxiety symptom severity. |
| Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| Social Approach Motivation | Self-reported rating of motivation for social approach over the next week. Rating ranges from 0 (not motivated at all) to 100 (extremely motivated). | Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-10) | Positive and negative affect, range: 5-25 each (total score), higher scores indicate higher positive and negative affect. | Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ): Catastrophizing and Positive Reappraisal subscales | Use of catastrophizing and positive reappraisal cognitive emotion regulation strategies, range: 1-5 each (average score), higher score reflects higher degree of use of strategy. | Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| Threat-related prediction ratings | Self-reported ratings of 1) likelihood of feared situation avoidance, 2) likelihood of feared outcome occurrence, 3) predicted intensity of feared outcome occurrence, 4) likelihood of best possible outcome occurrence, and 5) predicted intensity of best possible outcome occurrence. All ratings range from 0 (0% likely/not bad at all/not good at all) to 100 (100% likely/as bad as I can possibly imagine/as good as I can possibly imagine). | Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| State emotion ratings | Self-reported state ratings of 1) positive affect, and 2) anxiety. All ratings range from 0 (not positive/anxious at all) to 100 (extremely positive/anxious). | Baseline through study completion, an average of 3 weeks. |
| Writing exercise experience ratings - writing qualities | Self-reported ratings of vividness/detail and effort of the writing. All ratings range from 0 (not at all) to 100 (extremely), higher scores reflect greater vividness/detail and effort. | After each writing exercise, an average of 2 weeks. |
| Writing exercise experience ratings - perceived learning | Self-reported ratings of perceived learning and perspective shift from the writing exercises. All ratings range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Higher scores reflect greater perceived learning and perspective shift. | After each writing exercise, an average of 2 weeks. |
| Behavioral approach/avoidance | Single self-reported rating of willingness to engage in a feared situation. Binary yes/no response, where yes indicates willingness to approach and no indicates avoidance. | At the final study session, approximately 3 weeks after Baseline. |
| Program feedback ratings - overall | Ratings assessing overall program feedback (range: 0-28, higher scores reflect more positive overall program feedback). | At the final study session, approximately 3 weeks after Baseline. |
| Program feedback ratings - perceived benefit | Rating assessing perceived benefit of the writing exercises (range: 0-4, higher scores reflect higher perceived benefit). | At the final study session, approximately 3 weeks after Baseline. |
| Program feedback ratings - likelihood of future use | Rating assessing likelihood of future use of writing exercises (range: 0-100, higher scores reflect higher likelihood of future use). | At the final study session, approximately 3 weeks after Baseline. |