This randomized controlled study aims to investigate the effects of adapted sports exercises on balance, physical function, and cognitive function in older adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group will participate in a structured adapted sports exercise program, while the control group will maintain their usual daily activities. Balance, physical performance, and cognitive function will be assessed before and after the intervention period using standardized assessment tools. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to understanding the role of adapted physical activity in improving functional and cognitive health in older adults.

Aging is associated with declines in balance, physical function, and cognitive abilities, which may increase the risk of falls and reduce independence in daily life. Adapted sports and structured physical activity programs are considered effective strategies for maintaining functional capacity and cognitive health among older adults.

This randomized controlled study aims to examine the effects of an adapted sports exercise program on balance, physical function, and cognitive function in older individuals. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will participate in a supervised adapted sports exercise program designed to improve balance, coordination, strength, and functional mobility. The control group will continue their usual lifestyle without participating in the structured exercise program.

Outcome measures will include assessments of balance, physical performance, and cognitive function. Standardized measurement tools will be applied before and after the intervention period to evaluate changes in these parameters. The results of this study will provide evidence on the potential benefits of adapted sports activities for promoting healthy aging and improving functional and cognitive outcomes in older adults.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Being 60 years of age or older

  • Having the ability to speak and understand Turkish
  • Being able to regularly attend at least 10 sessions during the 12-week intervention period
  • Having no serious cardiovascular, neurological, orthopedic, systemic, or psychiatric diseases
  • Having no cognitive or sensory impairment
  • Obtaining physician approval indicating that participation in the adapted sports program does not pose a health risk
  • Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study
  • Agreeing to follow the study procedures and comply with the principle of continuity

Exclusion Criteria:

• Voluntary withdrawal from the study by the participant
• Failure to attend the intervention sessions for more than two consecutive weeks during the 12-week intervention period
• Inability to continue participation due to a health problem that develops during the intervention period
• Development of chronic diseases or use of medications during the study period that may affect the intervention

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared due to ethical and privacy considerations. Data will be used only within the scope of the approved research protocol.

Due to the nature of the exercise intervention, blinding of participants and investigators was not possible.