Observational Clinical Study on the Association Between Lactate-mediated Gut Microbiota Alterations and Disease Progression in Liver Cirrhosis.

Observational Clinical Study on the Association Between Lactate-mediated Gut Microbiota Alterations and Disease Progression in Liver Cirrhosis.

To investigate the association between lactate-mediated alterations in the gut microbiota and disease progression in patients with liver cirrhosis; and to examine the correlations of lactate levels among serum, fecal, and tissue samples in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Inclusion Criteria:

- 1. Healthy individuals without a history of liver disease or related underlying disorders; or patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and its complications based on imaging and/or liver biopsy, with a history of chronic liver disease for more than 6 months. Etiologies include chronic hepatitis B virus infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease, among others.

2. Willing to participate in this study and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1. A history of severe organic diseases involving the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or other organ systems; malignant tumors; or autoimmune diseases.

  2. Patients with acute infection or inflammatory diseases within the past 1 month.

  3. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.