Not provided
| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bulent Ecevit University | Other Identifier | Bulent Ecevit University Human Research Ethics Committee |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Preschool children are vulnerable to preventable accidents due to limited hazard awareness. This randomized controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of a Multiple Intelligences Theory-based Personal Safety Education Program (MIT-based PSEP) on preschool children's safety knowledge and skills. Sixty children aged 4-5 years were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=30) or a control group (n=30). The intervention group received eight interactive MIT-based sessions, while the control group received routine education. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention using the Personal Safety and First Aid Subscale and analyzed with mixed-design ANOVA.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group: Multiple Intelligences Theory-Based Personal Safety Education Program | Experimental | Children in this arm received a Multiple Intelligences Theory-based Personal Safety Education Program (MIT-based PSEP) tailored for 4-5-year-old preschool children. The program consists of eight interactive sessions (15-20 minutes each) delivered over 5 weeks (two sessions per week). The intervention incorporates activities addressing multiple intelligence domains (verbal/linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, visual-spatial, interpersonal, and musical), including games, drama, movement-based activities, music, visual materials, and coloring/design tasks. The program aims to improve children's personal safety knowledge and skills, including safe play and bicycle use, prevention of home accidents, recognizing hazards, protection from strangers, knowing what to do when lost, and sun safety. |
|
| Control Group: Usual Preschool Education | No Intervention | Children in this arm received no additional intervention during the study period and continued with the school's usual preschool curriculum. No specific personal safety or first aid education was delivered as part of the study. Pre-test and post-test assessments were completed by parents using standardized questionnaires. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Intelligences Theory-Based Personal Safety Education Program (PSEP) | Behavioral | Children in the intervention arm received a Multiple Intelligences Theory-based Personal Safety Education Program (MIT-based PSEP) consisting of eight interactive sessions (15-20 minutes each) delivered over 5 weeks (two sessions per week). The program used multi-modal activities (games, drama, movement, music, visual materials, and coloring/design tasks) addressing multiple intelligence domains (verbal/linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, visual-spatial, interpersonal, and musical). The content targeted personal safety knowledge and skills, including safe play and bicycle use, prevention of home accidents, recognizing hazards, protection from strangers, knowing what to do when lost, and sun safety. The intervention was delivered in small classroom groups by a trained child development specialist in collaboration with a pediatric nursing researcher. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Health Education Scale- Personal Safety and First Aid Subscale (PSFAS) Score | Health Education Scale: Developed by Aydos (2013), this scale assesses preschool children's knowledge and skills in health education. The scale consists of six subscales: Personal Safety and First Aid (25 items, Cronbach's α = .945), Hygiene and Self-Care (26 items, α = .934), Nutrition (20 items, α = .936), Sleep (7 items, α = .885), Mental Health and Social Relationships (20 items, α = .934), and Neglect and Abuse (19 items, α = .941). All items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge and skills. In the present study, only the Personal Safety and First Aid Subscale (PSFAS) was used to assess children's personal safety knowledge and first aid skills. The PSFAS consists of 25 parent-reported items, and total scores range from 25 to 125. Higher scores indicate greater levels of personal safety and first-aid knowledge and skills. The primary outcome of the study was the change in children's personal safety knowledge and skills. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and 4 weeks after completion of the intervention (post-intervention) |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karabuk University | Karabük | 78000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Not planned. De-identified individual participant data will not be made publicly available. Aggregate results were shared with the Ministry of National Education upon institutional request and approval. Data sharing is restricted due to ethical and data protection considerations.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Because children within the same class interact closely, randomization was performed at the class level to prevent contamination. Each class included approximately 18-20 children. Using a random draw conducted by the preschool principal, two classes were assigned to the intervention group and two classes to the control group. Only participants with complete post-test data (n = 60) were included in the final analysis and reported in the results.
Children aged 4-5 years attending a state preschool in northern Turkey were screened for eligibility. Of the 150 children initially assessed, 40 three-year-olds were excluded. The remaining 110 children from six classes were assessed for participation. After applying the inclusion criteria and obtaining parental consent, eligible children were randomized within classes.
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Intervention Group | The children participated in a Personal Safety Education Program based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, consisting of eight interactive sessions (each lasting 15-20 minutes) conducted over a five-week period. |
| FG001 | Control Group | Children continued to receive routine preschool education without the personal safety education program during the study period. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Intervention Group | The children participated in a Personal Safety Education Program based on Multiple Intelligence Theory, consisting of eight interactive sessions (each lasting 15-20 minutes) conducted over a five-week period. |
| BG001 | Control Group |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized | categorical (4 / 5) |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Health Education Scale- Personal Safety and First Aid Subscale (PSFAS) Score | Health Education Scale: Developed by Aydos (2013), this scale assesses preschool children's knowledge and skills in health education. The scale consists of six subscales: Personal Safety and First Aid (25 items, Cronbach's α = .945), Hygiene and Self-Care (26 items, α = .934), Nutrition (20 items, α = .936), Sleep (7 items, α = .885), Mental Health and Social Relationships (20 items, α = .934), and Neglect and Abuse (19 items, α = .941). All items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge and skills. In the present study, only the Personal Safety and First Aid Subscale (PSFAS) was used to assess children's personal safety knowledge and first aid skills. The PSFAS consists of 25 parent-reported items, and total scores range from 25 to 125. Higher scores indicate greater levels of personal safety and first-aid knowledge and skills. The primary outcome of the study was the change in children's personal safety knowledge and skills. | The study was conducted between March 18, 2024, and May 14, 2024, with the participation of 4-5-year-old children attending a state-affiliated preschool in a district of a province in northern Turkey. The preschool provides half-day education to 3, 4, and 5-year-old students, from 09:30-12:30 and 13:30-16:30. There are four classes in both the morning and afternoon groups, homogeneously consisting of one 3-year-old class and three 4-5-year-old classes. Each class has an average of 18-20 students | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score |
From enrollment until completion of the post-test assessment (approximately 9 weeks).
No intervention-related adverse events were expected due to the educational nature of the program. Children were monitored during the intervention sessions and throughout the study period. No adverse events were reported in either group.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Intervention Group | The children participated in a Personal Safety Education Program based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, consisting of eight interactive sessions (each lasting 15-20 minutes) conducted over a five-week period. |
Not provided
Not provided
The study was conducted in a single preschool and included only children aged 4-5 years, which may limit generalizability. Some children missed sessions due to illness or absence. Although a retest was planned, it was excluded due to insufficient follow-up data from parents.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research Assistant Emine UZUNTARLA GÜNEY, MSc, PhD student | Karabuk University | +90 0370 418 9415 | 9415 | emineguney@karabuk.edu.tr |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 14, 2024 | Mar 25, 2026 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
Not provided
Design The research was conducted as a randomized controlled study involving preschool children.
Research hypotheses H0: The personal safety education program based on multiple intelligences theory does not affect preschool children's knowledge and skill levels in personal safety.
H1: The personal safety education program based on multiple intelligences theory increases preschool children's knowledge and skill levels in personal safety.
Not provided
Not provided
The children were randomly assigned to groups based on their classes (each consisting of 18-20 children), with 2-morning groups (one control group and one intervention group) and 2-afternoon groups (one control group and one intervention group) using a random allocation method by the preschool principal. Parents filled out the surveys. Parents did not know which group their children were assigned to. The parents were blinded to the study procedures. At the initial data collection (pre-test), participants were assigned pseudonyms by the child development specialist responsible for providing education only. Similarly, during the second data collection (post-test), pseudonyms were assigned and matched similarly. The data were provided to the researcher responsible for both the intervention and statistical analysis without indicating which group was the intervention and which was the control group. Groups were coded as Group 1 and Group 2 during data entry. This
|
Children continued to receive routine preschool education without the personal safety education program during the study period. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Duration of Preschool Attendance | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Baseline (pre-intervention) and 4 weeks after completion of the intervention (post-intervention) |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 30 |
| 0 |
| 30 |
| 0 |
| 30 |
| EG001 | Control Group | Children continued to receive routine preschool education without the personal safety education program during the study period. | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 |
Not provided
Not provided