A Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preventing Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diabetic nephropathy with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 15 mL/min·1.73m²;
2. Requirement for creation of primary forearm cephalic vein-radial artery autologous arteriovenous fistula ;
3. Vessel criteria: cephalic vein diameter ≥ 2.0 mm (after tourniquet inflation) and radial artery diameter ≥ 1.5 mm;
4. Subject agrees to comply with the study treatment plan and visit schedule, is voluntarily enrolled, and has provided written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with conditions unsuitable for AVF, including surgical site infection, uncontrolled heart failure, malignant tumor, or hypotension;
2. Patients with stenosis or adjacent lesions in the proximal upper extremity vessels or central veins that affect arterial inflow or venous outflow;
3. Patients with a history of pacemaker implantation;
4. Patients with known hypersensitivity to human serum albumin, human platelet lysate, gentamicin sulfate, anesthetic agents, or other related products;
5. Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, treponema pallidum antibody, or human immunodeficiency virus antibody;
6. Subjects who have participated in, are currently participating in, or plan to participate in other interventional clinical trials within 30 days prior to screening or during the study period;
7. Any other conditions deemed inappropriate by the investigator for enrollment in this study.