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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Comprehensive Research Group | UNKNOWN |
| Primal Therapies Inc. | INDUSTRY |
| Clinical Microbiomics | UNKNOWN |
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The goals of this clinical study are:
The study products used in this study are 1 marketed oral lozenge, 1 marketed water additive.
This clinical study had four objectives:
The study was designed as an 8-week, double blinded trial comprising 60 days of product usage, targeting a maximum of 600 male and female participants aged 18-80. Recruitment focused on individuals from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area who met the specified Inclusion and Exclusion criteria. Upon arrival at the Enrollment visit, subjects underwent informed consent procedures, including engaging in an individual discussion about the study's design and associated risks, and confirmation of study eligibility. Participants not meeting key inclusion and exclusion criteria were excluded at this stage. During this visit, participants completed a questionnaire regarding their medical and dental history. Eligible participants were then randomly assigned to one of three cohorts: a control group without an assigned oral supplement, a dental lozenge, or a drinking water additive . Following randomization, participants were instructed to either take no action, take 2 oral lozenges 4 times a day, or consume a water additive twice daily. A qualified technician collected five oral swabs from each participant using the specified technique. Swabbing involved gentle strokes along the gum line on both the right and left sides (top and bottom), as well as resting the swab along the lower right gum line for 5-30 seconds. Participants returned to the clinical site at week 4 (Visit 2) and week 8 (Visit 3) for further assessments, including questionnaires at week 4 on diet and exercise history, and at week 8 on environmental and lifestyle stressors history. Additional swab collections of five swabs each were also conducted at these visits.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lozenge Intervention (Tradename pHossident) | Active Comparator | This cohort was randomized and assigned into the pHossident Lozenge cohort. They received 8 lozenges per day for the duration of the study. They completes questionnaires. They were sampled orally at Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8 for multi-omic analyses. |
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| Control | No Intervention | Full participation but received no intervention | |
| Water Additive Intervention (Tradename Protektin) | Active Comparator | This cohort was randomized and assigned into the Protektin water additive cohort. They received 2 water additive sachets per day for the duration of the study. They completes questionnaires. They were sampled orally at Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8 for multi-omic analyses. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Lozenges (Tradename pHossident) | Dietary Supplement | dissolvable mint flavored pHossident lozenges containing ingredients that are all FDA-approved with the GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) designation, and have years of safety demonstrated in animals, children, adults and pregnant women. The lozenge is not classified as a drug and is regulated as a nutritional supplement. The lozenge does contain the sugar substitutes called mannitol and sorbitol (sugar alcohols), as well as the natural sweetener, stevia, all of which can irritate the lower gastrointestinal tract at amounts that grossly exceed the levels that are contained in the lozenges (I lozenge contains \ |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Metagenomic changes at 4 and 8 weeks from baseline in pHossident lozenge recipients vs Protektin water additive recipients vs control participants using shotgun sequencing of salivary DNA isolates sequencing depth of 35.4M read pairs per sample. | Shotgun sequencing (Illumina NovaSeq X, 2x150bp) of salivary DNA isolates using a sequencing depth of 35.4M read pairs per sample. Data processing through Cmbio Human Microbiome Profiler for taxonomic and functional profiling. Significance determination using the Student's t-test and FDR values for differential abundance across cohorts and over time. Changes in microbial metagenome with focus on the levels of specific commensal species and pathogen species are measured by copy number of specific genomic sequences in a sample relative to the total. High resolution taxonomic profiling will be used to identify species and strains and their relative abundance in a patient sample and how that abundance changes over time and between treatment groups for each microbial species. Anticipate decreases in pathogen species in treatment groups vs control. Units of measurement = # of genome copies and % abundance in the sample. | Initial visit: baseline measurements to 8 week endpoint measurements |
| Metabolomic changes at 4 and 8 weeks from baseline in pHossident lozenge vs Protektin water additive recipients vs control using metabolite profiling of oral swab samples with UHPLC-Orbitrap MS. | Changes in oral metabolome, ie, the levels of specific metabolites that are measured by peak analyses derived from retention time and fragmentation compared to reference standards obtained from samples and measured using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. High resolution data are normalized for biological and sample variation and processed using Systematic Error Removal using Random Forest (SERRF). Probabalistic quotient normalization will be used to address dilution effects and concentration variability in the metabolomics dataset. Principal component analysis will be used to examine statistical patterns of metabolites within a group and across groups. Score plots will be used to show clustering of patient samples that are similar for each metabolite. Units of measurement = untransformed probailistic quotient normalized (PQN) peak areas of each metabolite, and power-transformed PQN peak areas. | Baseline time point to week 8 endpoint. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bruce Templeton, DMD | Delta Dental of Minnesota Foundation | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comprehensive Research Group | Minneapolis | Minnesota | 55415 | United States |
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Group 1: an oral lozenge supplement an oral lozenge supplement, Group 2: a water additive supplement Group 3: a control group without an assigned supplement
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Outcome Assessor blinded until completion of primary data analysis and unblinded for secondary data analysis.
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| Water additive (Tradename Protektin) | Dietary Supplement | Commercially marketed over-the-counter Protektin drinking water additive contains ingredients that are all FDA-approved with the GRAS designation, and have years of safety demonstrated in animals, children, adults and pregnant women. The water additive is not classified as a drug and is regulated as a nutritional supplement. The water additive only contains active ingredients; it does not contain fillers, flavors or sweeteners. |
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| Inflammation-related Analysis | Inflammation-related protein biomarker (IL-6, MMP-8, MMP-13) levels and their changes at 4 and 8 weeks from baseline in pHossident lozenge vs Protektin water additive recipients vs control is examined. Oral swab samples are collected and biomarkers are measured using standard curves of recombinant protein biomarker in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) specific to each protein biomarker. Significance is determined using the Student's t-test in each cohort over time and across cohorts at each time point. Units of measurement = micrograms/mL levels of each protein biomarker in a sample. | Baseline time point to endpoint 8 week time point. |
| Inter-omics correlations | The purpose of this analysis is to answer the question: Does the intervention (lozenge or water additive) have a common co-varying effect across the metagenome, metabolome and/or the immunological marker(s)? Additionally, to identify statistically significant correlational relationships between species withing the metagenome, metabolites and inflammation biomarkers. Analyses will be conducted with regards to change from baseline in response to the intervention and compared to the control cohort. Additional analyses will be conducted to examine the differences in the metagenome, metabolome and/or immune markers between pHossident vs Protektin treatment groups. Machine learning prediction models will be used to assess association between datasets. False discovery rate (FDR) and P-values will be assessed using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. All statistical analyses will be performed in R version 4.4.2. Units of measurement = Relative abundance, unit variance, intensity in heat maps. | Baseline to 8 week endpoint. |
| Exploratory baseline analyses |
Statistical analysis using R. Units of measurements = intensity, relative abundance, unit score will be presented in heat maps to show strength and type of correlation. | Baseline |