This group includes 30 patients Each patient performed core stability exercises in form of drawing in maneuvers along with lifting bent leg to 90 degrees hip flexion slide heel to extend knee and straight leg raise to 45 degrees 5 days a week each exercise was performed 15 repetitions. for 8 weeks starting 10 days post-operative, in addition all participants followed a conventional physical therapy program consisting of stretching exercises for the calf and hamstring muscles, and strengthening exercises for lower limb muscles. These sessions lasted 60 minutes each and were conducted once per day, three days per week (on alternate days) for eight weeks each exercise was performed 15 repetitions. Exercises were taught to the patients to be performed as home program after discharge from the hospital.

This group includes 30 patients who performed Tai chi exercise program starting 10 days post-operative, Yang style Tai Chi, Participants assigned to the TC (Tai Chi) group practiced 1-hour 3 times a week for 8 weeks [28], in addition to All participants followed a conventional physical therapy program consisting of stretching exercises for the calf and hamstring muscles, and strengthening exercises for lower limb muscles. These sessions lasted 60 minutes each and were conducted once per day, three days per week (on alternate days) for eight weeks,. Exercises were taught to the patients to be performed as home program after discharge from the hospital.

Group A Each patient performed core stability exercises in form of drawing in maneuvers along with lifting bent leg to 90 degrees hip flexion slide heel to extend knee and straight leg raise to 45 degrees 5 days a week each exercise was performed 15 repetitions. [25] for 8 weeks starting 10 days post-operative, in addition all participants followed a conventional physical therapy program consisting of stretching exercises for the calf and hamstring muscles, and strengthening exercises for lower limb muscles. These sessions lasted 60 minutes each and were conducted once per day, three days per week (on alternate days) for eight weeks [26,27], each exercise was performed 15 repetitions. Exercises were taught to the patients to be performed as home program after discharge from the hospital.

The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT): is a dynamic test that requires strength, flexibility, and proprioception. The goal of the SEBT is to maintain single leg stance on one leg while reaching as far as possible with the contralateral leg.

The BBS is extensively utilized for evaluating balance and is recognized for its validity and reliability . The Berg Balance Scale was developed in 1989 via health professional and patient interviews that explored the various methods used to assess balance. Initially, 38 balance tests were selected as potential components of the score and then refined through further interviews and trials to 14 items. Each of these items is scored from 0 to 4, which are summed to make a total score between 0 and 56, with a higher score indicating better balance. Although the Berg Balance Scale was originally developed to measure balance in the elderly, it has since been used to measure balance in a wide variety of patients. The Berg Balance Scale rates balance from 0 (very poor) to 56 (normal) and is widely used in many clinical populations.

Visual analogue scale:

The findings suggested that 100-mm VAS ratings of 0 to 4 mm can be considered no pain; 5 to 44 mm, mild pain; 45 to 74 mm, moderate pain; and 75 to 100 mm, severe pain.